Advance Color Photography

A photograph is a frozen second in time, a token of a memory. If one would really look at any picture, however, a photograph is more complicated than that. Without formal education regarding photography, one cannot fully tell what a good photograph is by simply looking at it. Most of the time even, people say that it is a nice picture if their faces were not construed and their bad angles well kept.People don't often find the difference between black and white pictures and full color pictures. It could be that, in this day and age, color can be considered as a basic necessity, something that can sooth the senses. Likewise, color photography is a technology that allows us to maximize how we keep our memories, which is how we remember it: in full color.In this photography class, we have learned that wasting film is not exactly as it is. With every click of the shutter, we practice. At first, it was quite challenging how one can use an SLR, a camera an average person assume professional photographers use.Although there is much truth in their assumptions, not all the best photographs are taken using such a camera. A simple point and shoot camera can create the best photographs if the handler knows what he is doing.A photographer should know the three basic principles in taking high quality photographs: composition, depth of field, and exposure. Although a point and shoot camera cannot maximize the latter two principles, the composition of an image is the most important element in photography. This is due to the fact that the shutter speed and exposure levels are the elements that gives better effects to pictures.Furthermore, to become a skilled photographer, one should be aware of the other equipment used. A tripod is a fundamental component in taking good pictures. In settings with poor lighting, it is necessary to use a tripod if the camera does not a have a flash, or if it is a kind of night photography. The tripod assists the artist to take clear pictures. A sh aky hand hinders one from capturing a crisp photograph.Different lenses further allows photographers to be more specific in taking pictures. If their object relates to sports, we will need extra lenses that can zoom into moving objects, while maintaining that crisp look. These different kinds of lenses can be necessary for the different specializations different photographers have: portraits, landscapes, architecture, night, still life, journalism, and sports, to name a few.Although I did not learn everything I could have in one course, I have browsed photographs and some basic techniques online. Access is quite easy, and I believe I have the right the maximize this.By taking into my formal studies the extra curricular information I attained, I am able to explore and execute different styles. Other means of sharpening my eye in finding a good photograph was through looking at magazines, newspapers, ads, and even those brochures I can come across.I was browsing in the internet for so me of the best photographs in the recent history when I came across an address that showed the best picks in the year 2005. C.L. Garvin of The Register Herald was one of the artists included in their list.Among all those listed, her photograph was the most serene looking. Her photograph consists of a reflection of a willow, with fall floating on the surface of the water, with the sky as the overall background. The different techniques she incorporated in this photo are also applied by the other photographers in that category.The difference was how they were incorporated. The composition and total appeal of the photograph also brought about its success.In class, we also learned the difference between snapshots and photographs. Snapshots are those pictures we take during parties, special events and documentations hastily. They are usually taken with a simple automatic point and shoot camera without considering the other elements that will make it art.Photographs are taken with a caref ul eye. It doesn't matter if the photo was taken quickly, as long as the photographer keeps in mind the basic elements as he angles his camera to the scene, then it can become art.In color photography, we highly give importance to the role of color to the totality of the image. The different colors used in the composition of the photograph generally sets the mood or tone of the photograph, much like how anything is visually affected by the use of color. In photographs, shades of blue are cool colors, which represent serenity.Warm colors such as yellow and red represent energy, and earth tones are relaxing. The mixture of colors may represented something greater. This means that in taking photographs, the composition of the shot includes balance between the elements and color use.Given that color use in taking pictures can break or make the photograph, the choice of colors to use in the frame is quite vital. The purpose of taking a photograph is not just to freeze time, but also to h ave it represent something more than that, like emotions and thoughts. It is not simply taking a portion of our memories, but also giving it a justifiable aesthetic value.The basic idea is to capture, along with everything within that moment framed. A photographer should also keep in mind the harmony of colors, and how each complement the focal image of the frame.Some experienced photographers will say that those who wish to become an accomplished photographer should simply take a camera, look through the viewer, find an object and press the shutter. That is putting it too mildly. True, some of the best photographs have been taken in an instant.This does not show luck at all, but quick thinking. Moreover, any photographer will not take just one frame of one composition. It can take three frames to 3 rolls to achieve the desired composition and effect of the picture. What is important is that the artist can think fast and be observant enough to find his point of attack.There are basi c guidelines to follow in creating a good photograph. It was mentioned earlier that there are equipment involved. Composition has been long established as a basic principle.However, there are other ways to point the difference between a good and a bad shot. According to another website I came across, the other points one should consider in taking and deliberating the quality of photographs include: irrelevant elements, rule of thirds, lines, frames, camera shots and camera angles.Irrelevant elements include those objects that are not involved in the composition but happened to be captured within the frame. This is unfortunately something we cannot always make do without, especially in a very busy scenario. For example, one picture is focusing on children playing in the park.Parents often see this as a perfect time to have their cameras with them. They bring out the camera and start taking their pictures. Luckily in this age of user friendly digital cameras, one can immediately revie w the shot they took.However, in the time of film, we sometimes find ourselves frustrated when the best picture becomes a disaster as somebody's elbow get in the way, the shot was blurry, or if they weren't even in the frame. It happens, and is often depressing, to find that we don't really know how to take good pictures.The rule of thirds basically imagining dividing the frame into nine boxes, two lines horizontal, and two lines vertical. The idea is to always have this imaginary grid in place every time a picture is being taken. This grid tells us that we should never put the main focus dead center.By putting the focus along these lines, we create a more balanced photograph. The illusion adds depth to the entire image of the photograph. The focus of the photograph would seem out of place if it is at the center of the frame. It will look odd and unattractive.Lines in photographs are elements that adds drama and excitement. It has been said that this technique is quite challenging t o master due to the complexity it adds to the total appeal of the photograph. There are two kinds of lines used in photographs: explicit and implicit. Explicit lines are those close up details of objects, which if taken from a certain angle can be very beautiful.On the other hand, implicit lines are those that are implied in the photo. These lines are also considered as invisible lines because one cannot really see it. These lines have been incorporated from the moment the frame was being composed by the photographer. Furthermore, these lines are not always considered when the photographer takes a picture. Subconsciously, these lines become a guide on how the audience will look at the image.Framing involves what we call the headroom. This element pertains to the space between the edge of the frame and the focus. Also related to the rule of thirds, if the focus of the photograph is not situated in a way that it fills the frame completely. If not, the object should be strategically pl aced that if it doesn't fill the frame, other objects will make up for it. The idea is always to have balance and aesthetic value.Camera Shots will refer to distance of the camera to the object. There are different camera shots a photographer can explore: extreme long shot, long shot, medium shot, close up shot, and extreme close up shot. These shot usually involve a person as reference. Extreme long shot will look like the picture was taken from afar, and the person is only a small percent of the frame.Long shot refers to fitting the person from head to toe within the frame. A medium shot will refer to half the anatomy. The close up shot will refer to the area from the chest up, with sufficient headroom. Lastly, the extreme close up shot would be a very tight frame of a person's face. One should always remember, however, that the frames should never divide the body of a person in a frame at the joints: knees, waist, elbow, and neck.The last of the basic principles discussed by the website I found and was much used as well in class is the camera angle. Five different angles was discussed. The first refers to how the viewer seems to be interacting with the object, this is called a subjective angle. An objective angle on the other hand, refers to how the object is involved his own environment.The other three angles will refer to the point of view of the camera. The first of these is the low angle, where the camera is taking a picture from the lower areas of the object. This gives the object a sense of power and strength.The second angle would be the high angle wherein the camera takes a picture from above the object, giving it the opposite appeal: submission and weakness. The last angle discussed is the oblique angle. Quite an interesting point of view, an artist can explore a lot of different angles that can be both dramatic and playful.However, once a picture is taken, it isn't a quality photograph yet. How pictures are   printed are also taken into consider ation. In this digital era, we can print color photographs in our very homes. Technology really made it easier for us.From our cameras, we upload our photos in computers for retouching and cropping. For black and white photographs, there are specific chemicals used to develop the film, and from that film onto paper. Darkrooms and enlargers are used.However, for colored photographs, conventional printers and photo papers can be used. To have a more than satisfactory output of these pictures, the kinds of printers and papers should be of top quality to have the desired outcome. Today, the different colors used to print are abbreviated as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black). These colors are mixed to form the different colors of the spectrum, producing colorful photographs.The choices made by the photographer regarding these factors in printing highly affect the output of the picture. It is only logical that way. If pictures are printed on low quality papers, through a rather cheap machine, then what else can we expect at the paper tray? If we are really after the best quality, then we should go all the way. Making use of substitutes will not promote everything we desire.Realism in photography is quite a rampant style today. Traced to where photographs are still in forms of paintings, realism is a style which portrays real life: problems, physical appearances, and sometimes morals, as listed by the website aHUNTFOR.Apparently, this style is also used in advocacies and statement artworks tody. The general context involved in realism boils down to the emotions: the feelings during hardship and likewise happiness. It paints reality of that time.When realism first came out as a style of art, all the neglected aspects of their lives were given light. Anyone today can produce quality photographs due to the convenience technology offered. All the other emotions and overlooked issues were given light. This explains the passion people express through advocacy photograp hs. Since they are given the liberty to express themselves, so share what they see through their lenses.This course taught me so much. What I have written here only involves the technical aspects of photography. These are the basic knowledge I need in constructing my own little masterpieces in full color. Printing them out through conventional printers or those in the high end series can only support my photograph. But what matters is my idea is expressed through such a creative means, as photography.Works Citedâ€Å"Basic Rules of Photography.† trem.ca. 20 September 2003. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .â€Å"Best Photographs of 2005.† Avolites Distributors Worldwide. 2005. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .â€Å"Realism.† HuntFor.com. 2007. 9 January 2008 .

Communication for organizations Essay

The Internet was introduced to the world not too long ago. However, since it’s introduction, it has since grown at an amazing rate. People now source the Internet for information, research, and recently, even shopping. Faster modem speeds have caused more people to rely on the Internet as information can be found at an amazing speed. In today’s business world, it has now become essential for a company to have Internet access. There are very few businesses today that do not have their own websites and e-mail address from which the public can contact them. Below is an analysis of how the Internet has changed communications for organisations. In the past, communications within organisations were mostly done either by the word of mouth or by writing memos. By word of mouth, when people wanted to communicate with a person within the office, he had to either go to the desk to tell the respective person the message or do it through the phone. However, one problem with this is that the message might get distorted when passing from one person to another. Furthermore, when passing a message by word of mouth, there is no written evidence of what was said. As such, it would be very difficult to track the agreements made within the 2 parties later on. Another way people used to communicate within organisations without the Internet were by passing memos. They would simply write a memo with their intended message to their colleague and leave it on the person’s desk or in-tray. However, these memos give a person excessive paperwork and very often, the person’s desk will be filled up with memos. As a result of this, these memos very often get lost and thus lose its credibility. Companies also had a hard time communicating with people outside their office organisation, especially with overseas branches. One of the ways includes using the method known as â€Å"snail† mail today. They would send their letters over to their counterparts overseas via mail. Not only did this include a very high cost, this was often a very slow way of communication. A mail would take a minimum of 3 days before it would reach its recipient This is a very time consuming way of communication and could cost a company a lot of money in this fast moving business world. Should a company need to send documents out immediately, one of the ways they could do it was via fax. This method, though faster than mail, was still very slow. Fax quality is also not known to be of high. The cost incurred by faxing was also very high. A fax to an overseas country was calculated as the same rate as an overseas call. There is also no evidence that the document has been faxed over and conflicts may occur. Basically, communications for organisations without Internet was usually too slow or limited in terms of capacity of information that could be sent over. High costs for postage or faxing were also incurred in these ways. Since the introduction of the Internet, communications within organisations is now made easier. The Internet has provided us with E-mails, chat rooms, as well as Internet-to-handphone communications. Furthermore, these programs also provide official records of agreements and conversational exchanges. E-mails and chat transcripts are recognized by the civil court, thus adding validity and trust to the communication process. E-mails are almost instantaneous, ensuring no waste of time in the communication process. An e-mail that was sent in Singapore today can be received in another country across the world within seconds. With today’s fast moving business world, speed in communication is essential and there is a need for real-time information. The E-mail provides a very good solution to this problem. The Internet also provides us with chat programs such as MSN Messenger, ICO and AOL. These programs allow 2 users who are countries apart to communicate to each other instantaneously. They would be able to know how negotiations across the world are going on and thus be able to make the necessary decisions. Furthermore, these programs also allow multi-user chat. This enables many people, all in different countries, to form a discussion and to trade information. These programs also have the function of adding a web camera and mike. As such, it would be just like a videoconference. However, the best point of all this is that companies incurs little cost for this.  These programs are easily downloaded from the Internet and all the company has to pay for is the net time that they use. The Internet also allows file transfers between 2 people. As such, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets and Access databases can be e-mailed from one person to another. This would help a company who is spread across different countries. Company branches around the world could transfer files over to the headquarters who can compile them and access their businesses around the world. The Internet has also made communications between the company and the public a lot easier. Most organisations already have their own website that provides more information to the public about their goods and services. They would provide information on the goods/services that they are selling with probably a description and price. The public could then research the company up on their own instead of calling up the company to find out this information. Usually, they would also provide, on their website, a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about their company to answer the public’s queries. Most organisations now also have E-mails with which the public can reach them. All these would save them the manpower required to answer phone calls and channel it to better uses. In general, without the use of the Internet, most of the communication was done either verbally or using â€Å"hard-copy† means. As mentioned before, a verbal means of communication lacked written â€Å"black-and-white† evidence of the conversation and a lot is relied on the integrity of the people involved. Hard copy means were also not a very good means of communications, as it would cause excessive paperwork. Furthermore, once the hard copy documents are either lost or destroyed accidentally, it would be impossible to trace it back. The Internet has brought with it an ability to transfer documents via soft copy, enabling the recipient to make any necessary amendments to the documents. The Internet also allows companies to communicate better with its customers and the public. It enables customers to communicate with the company without having to personally go to the company’s location. The Internet has brought about many changes in the way communications are made within organisations. It has made communication more efficient and has also brought down the cost of communications for companies. It is no wonder that more and more companies are looking to the Internet to solve their communication problems.

Assessing Strategic Analysis About Ryanair Airways

Assessing Strategic Analysis About Ryanair Airways The Ryanair is started by the Ryan family in 1985, with share capital of one pound and only with 25 colleagues , they started daily basis flights from Waterford in the Ireland to London Gatwick, with 5000 passengers on the route . The company grow further with high competitors British Airways and air Lingus . It is operating in a highly competitive sectors . but after 3 years of fast industrial growth , company increasingly got the numbers of passengers. with the price and routes competition they face  £20mn losses and it leads thinking about restructuring , Ryanair was take models from southwest airlines low cost leadership model .Under the new management team with new CEO Michael O’Leary rethink and Launch a New LOW COST , NO FRILLS Strategy . In 1997 the EU Air transport authority allows the Ryanair to first time to operate 18 new routes in European Continental area. They took many corrective action against cost reduction Eg no free drinks ,foods, and other facilities. R yanair got good response from all European passengers who likes frequent , quick and Low cost Travel . Ryanair overtakes BA and Air Lingus in the Dublin – London routes . Ryanair achieves their objective in a short period , they won many awards and positions in airlines industry, Ryanair got good name for punctuality. consistently the organisation expands operations , therefore in become very famous airline in the world ., and currently Ryanair operating 24 countries 436 low fare routs carried nearby 60mn people . Ryanair’s Strategy : â€Å"Ryanair’s objective is to firmly establish itself as Europe’s leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service†(Ryanair.com)The Ryanair key strategies. Industry Leading passenger service High frequency on short- haul routes. Significantly providing a service with very Low fares . – low operating costs, addressing aircraft and equi pment, personnel productivity, customer service costs and airport access fees Use the internet effectively Commitment to the safety and quality maintenance . Expand the operation results via Ancillary services. Ryanair offering a highly differentiated product with very lower fare, which increasing their competitive advantage to maintain competitive position on over its competitor. The firm makes to claim to their market area by marking Europe’s first no frills airline service.(Ryanair.com). Sustainable competitive advantage : Cost reduction Strategy: The Ryanair has following cost reduction strategy for achieving its goal for retaining their competitive position in airlines industries . there is five main functional factors like Airport charges , contracting out services , fleet commonality , managed staff costs and marketing cost .these are the areas they are giving great focus to improve low cost operation . According to fleet commonality the airways using particular type o f aircraft which controls the cost and limits the cost for employee training and development , maintenance cost and managing spares , giving more flexibility to scheduling the duty crew and aircraft. The Ryanair using Boeing 737 series to operate more numbers of passengers, and it allows 25% of increased their passengers with guaranteed 15 years of operating life .the old fleet took more maintenance coat and less fuel efficient , according to EU noise reduction requirements, the Ryanair fleets are required to install hushkits to avoid noises , it take more cost for installation almost $20mn , the increased weight might leads by negative figure of fuel efficiency .

How Will Nanotechnology Affect The Future Economy Term Paper

How Will Nanotechnology Affect The Future Economy - Term Paper Example Nanotechnology will drive economic prosperity and will be an enabling factor in shaping productivity and global competitiveness (JEC, 2011). The information technology and the telecommunication sector will be greatly shaped by nanotechnology in the near future. We are bound to witness new computers based on quantum computing, these are not only faster in terms of data processing but are computers that can perform complex operations similar to those done by supercomputers. We are also bound to see faster and smaller telecom switches that will include optical switches. These are not only efficient but also highly cost effective and can be used for the mass populations without incurring huge costs of installation. The speed at which information will be transmitted will be high based on plasmonics and other quantum-level phenomena. This will mean high efficiency in terms of operations for individuals and organization because information will be readily available for decision making (Kaew kamnerdpong & Bentley, 2007). Another area that will be highly transformed is that of memory and storage such that the previous years so the use transistors but the trend is moving towards reconfigurable arrays that can be used to store large amounts of data in smaller spaces. As a result of nanotechnology we can expect the introduction of magnetic RAMs. Every nanobit of a memory device will be used in storing information. A look at the above elements in the field of information technology signifies faster, efficient, reliable systems that will be cost effective, avail information at the touch of a button and lead to improved productivity and decision making. This means improved economy as information is very important in any economy. Better decisions can be made easily, space can be highly utilized with large storage available and costs of operations are highly reduced therefore boosting the economy (Kaewkamnerdpong & Bentley, 2007). The New energy economy is proving to be highly d ependent on nanotechnology and therefore playing a central role in the future economy. This can be seen in its emerging application to solar power, the generation of hydrogen, batteries, lighting systems and window glass coatings among others. Its application will see the adoption of renewable energy sources and increase energy efficiency (Luther, 2008). Solar photovoltaic electricity production is one area that nanotechnology is highly applied. These are used to generate electricity from solar panels used in homes that are far away from the main electricity grid. This kind of renewable energy is important in any economy as it reduces the dependence on other sources of energy such as oil and natural gas. It is highly cost effective and its continuous use could spell huge gains in the economy as funds can be used in the development of other areas of the economy. A second area of application is in hydrogen generation where it is said to become the dominant fuel in future economy as a result of its conversion into electricity in fuel cells (Elcock, 2007). Though the processes used in the conversion requires huge investments in nanotechnology the end results are beneficial owing to the fact that it is renewable and that water and other sources are available for its continuous production. The hydrogen energy will be used to power machines especially vehicles such as

The effects of enviromental temperature on human respiration Lab Report

The effects of enviromental temperature on human respiration - Lab Report Example Hypertensive patients should be extremely careful in cold weather and people should take care such that the amount or degree of exposure to cold is reduced and also adopt measures to keep the body warm. It is important to expose the body to the cold stress. However the instant impact is quite drastic. After the initial brief seconds, the rate of metabolism seems to fall as the body now adjusts itself gradually to the stimuli. Adaptation is important for human being and degree of adaptation depends upon the habituation. The term acclimatization refers to the physiological adaptation of the body to a fall in temperature. In order to make the patient adaptable to the surrounding cold, it is important first for the person to come in contact with the stimuli. Escaping or protecting oneself from the cold by wearing heavy warm clothes is not the permanent solution. The study carried out by Young, Muza, Sawka, Gonzalez, and Pandolf (1985) shows the impact of repeated immersion in cold water, a program designed for adaptation. However it was observed that only under light stressful a condition a person is able to show adaptation but not under strict conditions. It has also been observed that cold presor test (CPT) revealed that with the increase in cardiac sympathetic activity, the heart rate increases too during the first 30 seconds of the test. In this case results also reveal â€Å"Arterial pressure, heart rate, and MSNA all increased significantly during the CPT† (Victor, Leimbach, Jr., Seals, W alljn, and Mark, 2008, 431) According to Fleisher and Krieger (2007) cardiac arrest brings about halt in respiratory activities or apnea. Therefore, we can infer that an increase in cardiac activity will bring about an increase in respiration rate. It may be hypothesized that the environmental temperature will affect human respiration. At colder temperature, the

GEOINT and Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GEOINT and Asia - Essay Example Such views include the state and its citizens, children and their parents, husband and wife, liberty and authority, hierarchy and equality as well as rights and responsibilities. These differences have existed for centuries and have at times threatened world peace (Fawn, 1999). The two regions also have a lot of differences regarding political ideologies as well as political regimes. These differences could be attributed to the increased levels of awareness between these civilizations, since this intensifies civilization consciousness. More and more people migrating from the Asian region receive increased receptivity and hostility from the western world. Studies reveal that the western world reacts more negatively to Asian investment in their countries than from other regions. When people from the two regions interact, their civilization-consciousness is enhanced, which further invigorates the animosities and differences, thus explaining why it stretches such a long way back in history (Huntington, 1997). The increasing economic regionalism can also be attributed to the differences between the two regions. Most countries in the western world prefer intraregional trade between themselves and this only enhances economic regionalism. This reinforces western Christianity as well as European culture in all aspects of trade, therefore isolating the Asian region because of its unique civilization. In this case, cultural differences between the two regions will hinder their economic integration (Doyle, 2009). Other issues causing differences between the western world and the Asian region range from immigration to human rights and the environment in general. The clash of these two civilizations could be said to be occurring at the macro-level. This means that they compete for economic power as well as relative military (Fawn, 1999). They also want to control third parties and international

Pacing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pacing - Essay Example In addition, the paper will cover learning for difficult subjects in English language learners’ class. Pacing Introduction According to Alan Hofmeister and Margaret Libke, pacing entails both curriculum and lesson pacing. A pacing guide is a written schedule that contains the concepts, topics and skills that are related the curriculum to be covered within a specified period of time (Richards & Lockhart, 2006, p 126). Curriculum pacing is concerned with the rate at which progress is made in delivering the curriculum while lesson pacing is concerned with the rate at which a teacher conducts the individual lessons. From past research, it is evident that low-achieving students learn effectively when lessons are conducted at brisk pace since more content is covered in classroom (Hofmeister & Lubke, 1999, p 19). However, it is assumed that the lesson difficulty will permit the learners to attain a higher rate of success since highly difficult lessons or contents cannot well learned at instructional pace. Good pacing provides the students with the right rhythm of the lesson and creates a perception that the lesson is progressing at the right speed (Richards & Lockhart, 2006, p 127). Lesson pacing is essential in classroom learning. Lesson pacing acts an indicator that students use to gauge the speed and progress of learning in a particular lesson. Accordingly, pacing enables the instructors or teachers to align the method of teaching with the objectives of learning and level of difficulty of the lesson (Richards & Lockhart, 2006, p 131). Effective pacing enables the teacher to hold the attention of the students thus contributing to effective attainment of the learning objectives in a particular lesson. In this regard, students have prior perception of the amount of content that will be covered within a certain period thus enabling them to concentrate during the entire lesson period (Hofmeister & Lubke, 1999, p 27). Lesson pacing helps in advancing from one lear ning topic to the next during the lesson. In this regard, pacing ensures that teachers deliver knowledge in a coherent and sequential manner since no interruptions such as missing instructional materials occur. Lesson pacing arouses learning curiosity and controls students’ behavioral problems during the lesson. Lesson pacing facilitates contribution from the learners through asking for clarifications, quality questioning and coverage of sufficient content within the lesson period (Richards & Lockhart, 2006, p 132). Pacing for a class that includes English Language Learner (ELL) students and for a class that does not include ELL students will differ significantly. For ELL class, explanation of certain vocabularies and key terms is essential before teaching the students new concepts (Hofmeister & Lubke, 1999, p 52). For English Language Learners (ELL), the teacher must move at a slower pace while demonstrating the concepts through body language in order to maintain the attenti on of the learners. For ELL students, the teacher must present learning materials and instructions visually through issuing handouts and not relying entirely on oral instructions (Richards & Lockhart, 2006, p 139). The pacing must facilitate language mastery through clear outline of lesson objectives and definition of the language objectives. The lesson content must be aligned with English language proficiency and lesson activities must integrate lesson concepts with English language practice opportunities such as writing poems (Hofmeister & Lub

Human Resources Management slp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resources Management slp - Essay Example Human resource management aims to set meaningful goals and ensures that these goals are met for the future growth and success of an organization (Kaushik, 2009). Before hiring an employee, it is important for the human resource person to have a written job description on hand. A good job description includes the detailed information about the job such as the duties and responsibilities of the employee, the qualifications needed to fit in the job, and the experiences and general skills needed to be carried out by the chosen candidate. A job description is an important aspect in hiring employees since it serves as a guide for determining if an employee is well suited for the job, it ensures that the qualifications needed are matched with the potential candidate, and it serves as the foundation in constructing possible interview questions (Wolf, n.d.). Developing a good job description is a significant task for the human resource people. It serves as communication tools for the success of the organization since employees get to learn and be aware of their duties and functions. Without it, employees will tend to be confused of the workplace they are in because they do not know what is expected from them. With job descriptions, employees are provided with a clearer view of the picture about the company thus paving the way for a better communication between them and the organization. Aside from that, it also tells employees where they fit in the picture so they could perform their duties effectively (Heathfield,

Personal Development Plan Part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Development Plan Part 2 - Essay Example the same time, though, I realize that such output, while good, was not my best, and that I could have done better had I exercised proper time management instead of procrastinating. It is for this reason that I chose to work on my weaknesses as the focus of my personal development – in this case in particular, fixing my weaknesses will allow me to utilize my strengths to greater effect. Time management – a concept our parents and teachers have been beating us over the head with ever since elementary. Those of us fortunate (and diligent) enough to gain a good grasp of it early on usually end up becoming successful enough, while those who fail at it often end up failing at everything else. This is not too noticeable in elementary and high school, where students have their daily schedules predetermined – they know what time each subject is, which saves them the trouble of having to fix their schedule. In college, however, time management and/or the lack of it becomes more readily apparent. According to Penn State’s University Learning Center (2001), the greater freedom of movement in college means it falls down to the students themselves to manage their time as they please. Before discussing my time management issues, though, I feel it to be more important to first define what exactly time management is. According to Steve Pavlina (2008), time management boils down to deciding what one must do and then doing it. And while these steps may look simple enough to understand at first, another question immediately follows: what exactly should one do at a given moment? Opportunity costs also come into play as no matter what course of action one chooses, it will always involve forgoing the results that could have been gotten from the other options. Thus, as in business, it becomes necessary to choose the path with minimum cost, yet maximum satisfaction. In short, time management should focus on scheduling the best task for a given period of time. All other side

Top gear and Classic Cars Essay Example for Free

Top gear and Classic Cars Essay Magazines articles are a very common source of promotion; it has certain ways to reach its audience. Magazine articles on specific products can give help give it positive or negative advertising, so professional opinions on particular products like cars and electronic gadgets, have become increasingly important, it allows the reader to get the information that he wants from a professional, away from all the glamorising through its normal advertising. It helps spread a sense of reality to the products which otherwise many people would not see. From this a new breed of magazines aimed directly and overtly at a male readership, using masculinity as a marketing tool, has increased the popularity of magazines for male men, allowing the writers focus on male dominated interests, like cars sports and women. However certain magazines like Top Gear can be accessible for women although there market has a very high male audience. For my English Project we have been asked to investigate a particular use of language. I have chosen to look at the content and style of two different stereotypical mens magazines and to how they reach there target audience. I am going to look at whether the style of the article changes depending on what age it is being advertised to. I will be focusing mainly on the male language used in the articles, how the author tries to make it appeal to its target audience. The depth of the content and it style. Data description I will be looking at two magazines, which stereotypically would have a male audience. An article from a Top Gear magazine and one from a Classic Cars Text A is a personal opinion and general review of the Porsche 911 GT3. The article on the Porsche 911 GT3 written by Jeremy Clarkson was obtained from a motoring magazine Top Gear. Being a motoring magazine it clearly defines its audience as those who are interested in cars, which is what top gear revolves round. The magazine it self would attract a male audience of 16-50, due to its general glamorising of cars and comedic value. However it would also interest girls from 16-30 due to its increased popularity on TV and its general over-hype of super cars. The general articles in the Top Gear magazine, includes many super cars and fast powerful cars. Not really aimed for people who are looking for an average car, although it has the odd standard car. This particular article on the Porsche 911 GT3 will probably be aimed at a male audience of 16-40, specifically at the boy racers and men having a midlife crisis just wanting to feel younger, as that would be the common target market for a Porsche 911The reason behind this is that Porsche are seen as fast and powerful cars. He would be aiming to informing the reader about the car, and trying to persuade the reader by reviewing it. he also has to provide entertainment for the readers who may follow the show aswell. Text B is a report on the Hackett Beaujolais Runs, which includes a selection of cars and people involved in the Hackett Beaujolais Run, a charity race that takes place in France, written by Mike Goodbun, obtained from a another motoring magazine, but specialising in older cars, and not the typical cars of this generation. The magazine itself would attract an older readership, possibly of 40-60, linking back to when these cars had been made so that the readers can relate to the article and the people in it. It would be directed at a male audience, which can be seen by the magazine itself through the consistent use of men in the magazine. The magazine has a lot of older cars that are seen as benchmarks in the car industry, like the 1967 Mercedes-Benz Pagoda or the DeLorean DMC12, The car from Back to the Future, which can help attract a wider audience. This particular magazine article, would suit the main target audience of the magazine, readers around 40-60, from when the event started in relation to the age of the readers. The authors main aim would be to inform the readers about the event, and about the cars that were used at the event. Aims and Hypothesis I already have perceived ideas about what I will find in my investigation, but I am hoping to find out if my predictions are true. I am comparing how the language in both of these articles reaches their target audience and how it can be seen it is a male related topic. I am expecting to find a lot of stereotyping within the advertisements; the car would be advertised as fast, powerful machines and the technical terminology used to reach a male audience. I will also be exploring what kind of impression they give to their target audience and whether the language alters depending on the audience and how the cars are perceived I predict that Text B, will have a significant use of technical terminology and will be more formal not only due to the widespread popularity of Top Gear, who have to aim at a wider audience, from a younger to and older audience, but also down to the fact they are both targeted at a different age group, with very different views on cars. This will then help me see how they aim to reach and make it accessible for their target audience through language choices. I also expect to find the Text B would be more drawn to focusing on the cars and being focusing on the cars whereas Text A will rely more on entertainment than facts. Methodology For my investigation I decided to analyse two stereotypical male articles looking at the language. I decided to go with a magazine which on certain aspects can relate to a female audience but generally has a high male audience, and then look at a magazine which is aimed directly and clearly at an older male readership although may interest some of the younger audience The more neutral magazine, I picked was Top Gear as it allows me to see how authors try and make it appeal to a wide audience, although it clearly has a high male audience due to its topic. The other magazines I picked was more difficult, I picked a magazine which was genuinely linked to an older target readership, possibly one of 40-60. For this I picked Classic Cars as, both magazines aim to provide the reader with information on cars which each generation can enjoy. The younger audience more interested in speed and beauty, whereas an older obviously interested in speed, but would interested in its history and what it represents for them. Classic cars seemed to fit with the target audience of the article I was looking for. From this, I will begin my analysis by working through both articles and annotating both of the articles, looking at the male discourse features and other linguistic features linked to males. I will look at the discourse structure and how the article is relevant to my investigation. I will use the following levels of language: * Graphology this will show me what kind of images they use for to appeal to their target audience. Whether the overall layouts of mens magazines in general, assert a sense of masculinity and affect the stereotypical readership. * Lexis this will enable me to look at why certain words and phrases are used, and what effect they have. The lexis used will help me identify male speech in both the articles and how they appeal to their audience. * Grammatical and syntax a very important part of my investigation, this will show how sentence structures generally will affect readers and how they affect the male audience. * Semantic this will tell me what kind of connotations the language in the article suggests, and whether it is focusing on a specific topic in the article. * Orthography Looking at the Spelling and punctuation and how it affects the reader. Graphology Text A, the Jeremy Clarkson article on the Porsche 911 GT3, is printed in Black and white, giving it a very sophisticated and serious look to it. It brings out a darkness of the article which seems to be hidden. The picture of Jeremy Clarkson in the right hand corner of the page, which is the most eye catching feature in the article, helps brings out a sense mysteriousness and subterfuge to the article and at the same time keeping the look very simplistic, he seems to have a look of old frail look possibly to emphasises wisdom, as this is a topic that he can relate to. The rest of his body in shadow also helps create a sense of mysteriousness and makes it very spy-like. He has a very sophisticated look, at the same time keeping a very serious look, maintaining the view that men regard topics like cars and sports very important. From the way he looks, very smart but casual at the time, with a look of wisdom to himself, and looks like he know what he is on about, it can appeal to his target audience which would set out to be a male reading audience of 16-40. Also Jeremy Clarkson looking directly at the reader with a thoughtful expression engages the reader and brings the reader towards the article. The proper noun Clarkson to the left of the page, in very simplistic writing gives makes it very formal and gives him a sense of authority, and a voice of authority make him much more powerful, this way setting him apart from the reader and can be quite intimidating. Also the quote in the middle of the page, my relationship with this brain-child of Hitler in large writing, sets out the importance of that specific line. Making reference to Hitler, a controversial historic figure engages the readers interest to the article, making them want to know what the author is talking about. In Text B, Mike Goodbun article on the Hackett Beaujolais Run, the article is positioned over two back to back pages, possibly already showing the lack of importance of it, by not giving a full two page display. The first page is laid out in a very simple manner, as the target audience for this article would perhaps be more interested in the content rather than the display. The picture of The AC Cobra just above the middle of the page is very symbolic in the nature that it is a representative of British cars, as well as American muscle cars. It is the gentlemens sports car, and has a touch of sophistication to it, and clearly associate it with an older market, as younger readers would be more interested in fast and powerful cars like the Porsche in Text A. In the centre of the page is the title Wine, women sports cars, highlighting what men stereotypically hold important as conversational points. Wine in place of alcohol in general, however wine adds a sense of sophistication and class, focusing and reinforcing the Gentlemen target audience. The next page tells the reader what the occasion is all about, the race, the route, the guy in the picture with a funny wig, marks the occasion, as does the wine bottle and the sports car, it represents what the race it hold and advertises it for other people to get involved, the next year. Furthermore the quote I the middle of the page highlights the stand out of the race we have a mini-convoy of Cobra, Elise and 550 Maranello. Associating this with the race will put the race in better light to the audience and hopefully take part in it. Both are very simplistic, and look unfussy, yet it allows them to draw the readers in through this technique. Lexis The extract taken from Top Gear magazine on the Porsche 911 GT3 uses a lot of informal language. However the picture he presents of himself gives the text a sense of seriousness, Engle noted men regarded their topics as more serious and important and for this fact; the lexis used has a lot of bearing to it, as good as any Ferrari and at a whisker Men would regard his opinion highly, from what he is trying to put through. The first line on the top of the page is the original always the best, ponders Clarkson? Also gives it a sense of formality and seriousness, by posing a question which involves the reader, and clearly sets out to be controversial as this would bring divided opinions. It also brings out the overall topic of what hes going to write about. The text also uses a lot of informal lexis like offering brain pate and crackers to all and sundry and in a shit am going to die sort of way as this suits the primary audience of males between 16-40. The language he uses helps him reach his target audience and relate to them better, it is important that he is seen as one of them as well as a professional so that his opinions are valued, and the use of humour and taboo language, being funny and anecdotal with a serious topic allows him too reach his audience, although this would be seen as a serious topic, it is important that he doesnt impose his opinions on the reader, and this goes opposite of what male men are meant to do, to be competitive and show they are right. This shows that the Jeremy Clarkson has a purpose with the language he is using; it helps attract the reader in to his article, and relate to them and in turn informing them. Contractions can be found in this text quite often. He uses it in different parts of the extract, hed sawn the and Ive always enjoyed giving it a sense of discourse which makes it sound a little informal as the text is in first person and this will let him say how he feels and talk about his own experience, this will help him appeal and engage the reader, as it is easier for the easier to read an focus on the article itself. By doing this, it also helps Jeremy express his feeling and actions easily to his audience. Moreover the use of colloquialisms helps evoke a feeling of informality, and this informality helps him relate to his target audience, and make the article more attractive and interesting for the reader, as more formal language may be off putting.. In the text they come in as a form of slang like biggish and wiggled, the words do not have to be used by males but the informality will helps his relate to them as being one of them and making sure he doesnt force a difference between him and his readers, using slang and colloquialism socially will help the readers attention. Keeping topic interesting and to the point will allow Jeremy dominance as hes not flouting the maxims, and therefore keeping the readers attention. In this text a lot of car related jargon can be identified, words like gearbox, Michelins and traction are used which are directly linked to cars and its different aspects. The purpose behind this is that it identifies the subject of the content, and the reader can see this clearly. This simply links the text back to its social context and informs the audience about the main topic of the text. Text B, the article on the Hackett Beaujolais Run, is informal to an extent but is much more complex than the Jeremy Clarkson article; due to the audience they are both trying to aim at. The title Wine, women and sports cars, highlights what men stereotypically hold important as conversational points. The use of these words expresses masculinity as it is what men not women talk about more often. The cars semantic field again reinforces what find important in conversational topics. There is a mixture if informal text and formal, appealing to its readers who would be much more mature and older than the Top Gear readers. The kind of road you wouldnt take a tractor down and The Cobras open Cockpit makes for an invigorating ride A lot of different types of jargon and specialist vocabulary can be found in this extract that help describe the race. Geographical terms are used, mostly names of places such as Beaujeu Macon and Great Ormand. These proper nouns are found throughout the entire text and are used to take the audience along with him on the race from one place to another and to provide greater details of where he has been and where he is going. In this text a lot of car related jargon and technical language can be identified, words like 2000 RPM, Ferrari and bonnet are used which are directly linked to cars and its different aspects. There is certainly more use of technical language in this article, as the author is not aiming at a wider audience as Jeremy Clarkson is in the Top Gear Magazine, It allows the author to focus on readers who are interested in the car and its different aspects. The use of technical language simply links the text back to its social context and informs the audience about the main topic of the text. The language the author uses helps the author keep the reader informed of the events, and makes it more interesting by giving important information. The jargon and specialist terminology is clearly needed as a lot of readers would expect this from a car magazine, with an Audience who have more interested in details of cars than entertainment. Semantics Nouns The use of the proper noun, Clarkson brings about a sense of authority and with a voice of authority makes him much more powerful. The use of just his surname Clarkson helps him set apart from the reader, as it brings about a public school education, which gives him a sense of importance and respect from the reader. Some of the proper nouns used in text A, also make the article seem very dark and murderous, using Hannibal Lecter, the character from the Silence of the Lambs, gives it very dark connotations, when relating back to the context of the article it would seem that the author would refer to the Porsche as very dark and possibly murderous, emphasising that the car in generally is not very normal, as the Porsche 911 GT3 looks very different from a typical Porsche, and its monstrosity with its sheer power and speed may attract the target audience to the car. Referring to Hannibal Lecter, helps him put out the car itself is monstrous, cars which are said to be dark and murderous, also emphasises the speed of the car, that the Porsche could actually kill the driver, which would interest the boy racers interested in the car. To associate Hitler, controversial historic figure, with the car, makes the car seem very dark and gives the same connotations as would Hannibal Lecter, and would keep the readers interest in the article. Using James bond, helps gives the reader an imaginative approach to the Porsche; it suggests the Porsche being sophisticated, adventurous, and glamorous. Using James Bond and Hannibal Lecter, bring about glam and evil feel to the article and would attract a male audience generally and sums up the male psyche. Although both of these not having much relation to the Porsche at the beginning shows that he has been given a certain freedom to write as well as fitting in perfectly. The use of Gloucestershire and London, sets the place of the article, and gives the reader a bit of background knowledge of the car. Both of these can be seen as good target markets for the Porsche. The use of the proper noun Godfather and Mad Max 2: Road Warrior also suggests aggressive connotations, the Godfather is symbolic in Italian mafia, where The Godfather is seen as the leader, the most important person, the one that everyone looks up to and the one respected. The movie is also seen to be as one of the best of all time, and using this is the article shows that Jeremy does clearly respect the car, although he doesnt like Porsche cars. The use of Road Warrior specifically warrior has connotations of a fighter, some who will fight for good and helps associate bravery and courage to this car. Using the topic of movies helps Jeremy attract a wider audience, than if he had just talked about cars. The use of movies as a starting point helps make the article appeal to a wider audience, and is used as an entertaining read. A lot of the common nouns used are for is technical language related to car jargon specifically to do with cars. The noun used the most was car, which is expected as the main topic of the article is the Porsche 911. Other nouns that are found often are all hyponyms under this theme, like tyres, wheel and gearbox. This car semantic field also links back to the content and the context of the article and lets the reader know what the main topic of the article is. The article also has a semantic field of murder and killing as this will attract his target audience and again sums up the male psyche. The author is trying to link the semantic field of the article with the car and that it can be extremely dangerous. It builds up a sense of fear and associates it with the car. Common nouns like murder and death gives these connotations. Furthermore the use of villain, terrorist and brainchild all give negative connotations. In essence it brings out the dark side in the car, the use of terrorist give connotations of violence and killing, whish goes with the semantic field of the article perfectly. Moreover brainchild, implicates cloning of something. In this context emphasises the darkness in the article, it associates it with Hitler and makes it a product of his thinking and work, therefore as Hitler was seen to be evil this would mean the same for the car. Doing this it makes thae article much more interristing, and helps entertain the reader by using, non-significant but very contreversial and interesting topics. Clarkson also uses a few similes but I find them as emotionless as limestone. He uses very vivid associations. This simile attaches negative connotations, hes giving his opinion on how he feels about the car, that he thinks its not very exciting and the cars themselves (as he is talking about Porsche in general) do dont jump out at the reader as may other cars do. Also he uses a simile to describe the car, a spoiler big enough to serve as a landing strip for a small aircraft. This allows him to emphasise the size of the spoiler and the car itself, he is describing as a sports car, and not a car for that self loving, business man who just want to look sophisticated. In Text B, the proper noun, Beaujolais Noveau, a French wine made in 1973, expresses a deal of sophistication to the text, stereotypically, the French culture is seen to be romantic and sophisticated. Its sets up the tone of the article with a sense of sophistication and sets it apart from the readers in Text A. Its repetition creates cohesion in the text sets its history and importance in the article. The use of Ferrari also gives positive connotations, it is seen as one of all time classics or a modern age super car, either way it sheer class is admired by all and would attract a lot of the readers by using a popular modern day super car. This would be the author trying to make is accessible for a wider audience, although not to the extent of Text A which uses a different topic. The use of Ferrari, with its power and speed, would interest the male audience. Then the use of Ac Cobra , a classic British car, is symbolic to the readers, being a English car emphasises is importance by the author and by its repetition, even though it is not one of the best cars in the article, the audience may be able to relate to it, as it could be a car that is seen to be admired by the reader. The repetition of English emphasises this. The proper nouns, James Bond, Scooby Doo and Batman shows the child side to it, its stressing the point of it being a charity and just for fun, as does the use of Damon Hill and Steve Berry, possibly used to gain the readers interest, it suggests enjoyment and exuberance of the people taking part, showing the readers who is involved in the charity event. This allows readers to see the enjoyment and the author trying to make it an enjoyable read. His main focus is trying to emphasise the fun in the charity race, and possibly attracting potential contestants. Like Text A, the article includes a lot of car information, related specifically to the cars. The noun used the most was car, which underline the main topic of the article, and an aim to reach his target audience. I also found hyponyms under this theme, like seat, windscreen and dashboard, all ordinary but necessary to attract his target audience. The light hearted and fun semantic field is emphasised, by the use of women, wine, and pleasure it underlines it as a fun event, all in the name of charity, to attract the audience to the article and maybe the event next year and can be seen as a subtle advertisement to the readers, not for the target market but the general public. Adjectives There were a lot of adjectives in text A which is to be expected in a review for a magazine as he is expressing his opinion, its gives a better understanding to the reader and it helps give better detail and vivid images thus a better understanding of the context and setting. The most common adjective in this text was new, it relates back to Porsche emphasising it as a new car. This is why people look to him for information on the car, and why this attracts the reader to the article. The use of exotic and glamorous, to describe places, both give very positive connotations and seems to go against the article, which has made it to seem very dark and murderous, but then relates to the association with James Bond. However the use of nasty and horrid contradicts what has been said, which shows he has mixed opinions on the Porsche, which is further shown by uncomfortable and exciting. It shows that he clearly isnt a big fan of Porsches, which he has said in the article, and may not be giving credit where it is due. Moreover he uses white to describe the car towards the end of the article, white represents purity and possibly good, and it is a bit ironic that under the dark and subterfuge semantic field he describes the Porsche in this way and shows he might have changed his opinion on the car as his day went on. Emma Fitzgerald-Lombard have sized-up the back seat of the white 911 The use of white to describe the 911 in Text B , like in text A, highlights the importance of that car specifically, white holds the connotations of good, this fits in perfectly as it is the only female team in the competition, helping them stand out to the reader. The further use of sculptured gives connotations of beauty and what a lot of the male audience would associate with beauty and cars. It helps gives to the reader a better description of the car itself and attracts readers to the topic in conversation. The use of wet and uncomfortable sets the weather and feeling of the article, its this that makes the race interesting, and forces people to take part. Although the weather may not be appealing this makes the race more appealing. This may be ways to attract more readers or possibly more people to enter the competition. The adjective frenzied, at the end of the article, helps put out to the reader how the audience feel, and has connotations of excitement, over the event. It also implies that a lot of people had come to see in the crowds, and puts it out to be a big event. From this it can be seen the author thinks it is the perfect market to aim the product at. Overall the adjectives in Text A, describe it as dark setting and fits to entertain and inform the reader, the adjectives help target a wider audience, whilst Text B gives the reader a lot of information, on the event, setting a classy and fun semantic field both of these help relate to the audience in hand, and from the adjectives used it can be seen it is a more of a male audience he is looking for. Text A informs as well as entertain the reader, Text B, informed the reader and uses more description of what had happened, allowing both audiences to relate to the article. The article allows a certain amount of fun to be seen and can help with a subtle advertisement. Verbs Some of the verbs play under the dark and murderous semantic field. Words like kill and die give very negative connotations and plays with the whole setting of the article and fit the semantic field of the article. This further is setting the audience to think one way of the car, although the end he changes this way of thinking. The verb used most often in text A is like, very simple and childlike. Which doesnt fit in the dark setting that Jeremy Clarkson has put in place, he doesnt want to force the reader to struggle with reading his article as this may put them off. The setting seems very negative so the use of like contradicts this feeling, which emphasises the positive view he holds the car in. Furthermore the use of admired provides positive connotations and has given it his approval. It also shows he may be resentful in giving a better compliment, dues to his general dislike for Porsche cars, which is duly noted in the article. Most of the verbs used were in the past tense which is done with an aim to simply fulfill the purpose of the text to inform the audience of actions that have took place but switches to the present tense when talking about driving the car. There are also quite a few present participles in this text such as vomiting to put the event in motion, make it more realistic and therefore keeping the readers interest. There were a few modal auxiliary verbs in this text such as could and would. The most common one used in this text is would. These modal auxiliaries give a sense of possibility but also uncertainty. Over all Jeremy is generally very assertive and confident and rarely expresses doubt, this shows he know what he is on about, which is why people respect his opinions and look for his articles. The verb repeated the most in Text B, is turn, as it involves the race and put in to perspective, they have to use the shortest route they can, and turning before others plays a huge part on the race, its emphasizes it importance by it repetition. Text B, involves verbs like pursuing relating to the view, that cars are seen as important of their lives, to try and achieve there goals. The further use of slithering gives a snake-like view on the car, and helps describe its characteristics, in being very slick and quick. Adverbs In text A I found a few adverbs that were used to describe a verb, like in the phrase, shouty styling where the adverb shouty, although not a real word, showing again his freedom to write, and use of slang to reach his audience, is used to support the adjective styling. It places extra emphasis on the verb and makes it stand out to the reader. The use of worst then places the car in a negative context, but shows his clear dislike for Porsche cars. Text B allows the author to emphasise his point. The adverbs in Text B were linked with distance, with longest and shortest helping the readers understand the charity race. Pronouns Text A uses a lot of personal pronouns to provide facts and information to the reader they are a lot in first person, as stories about the authors are generally always written in first person like I and me. There were also pronouns in second and third person, allowing Jeremy to bring the reader in and help them relate to him, words like he, we and you. The use of we and you particularly bring the reader in to the article as he tries to share his experience with the reader, bringing in the reader in to the article, helps him fulfilling his aims and purpose of entertaining the reader, making it more realistic and then helps the reader relate to his audience. The most common pronoun which was used was I and creates cohesion in the text; there is a significant use of personal pronouns rather than possessive pronouns. This shows the author is trying to keep the reader interested through out the article. Personal pronouns will help the reader make a judgement themselves instead of being forced an opinion. It depend on how he perceives his audience and his purpose in the article, his purpose is to inform rather than persuade, as many articles in the magazine are, as people interested in the car would not be put off by an article. Text B uses the subjective pronoun it, at a more frequent rate in to the article, the author focuses on the object a lot more than the people, focusing on the important part of the article and keeping the readers interested. The use of I brings the author in to the article, while we and you bring the readers in to the article, forcing them to take part, and making it much more interesting. Grammar Syntax In text A there is more or less an equal share of simple, complex and compound sentences. This is well suited to the audience as it would make it easier to understand. The use of simple sentences like Or was he eaten by a pig? It lays focus on the verb eaten, which has nothing in relation to the car topic, but it allows him to make small anecdotal comments to make the reading more entertaining. Complex and compound sentences both allow the delivery of information easily through fluent and easy to structure of the sentence, and helps the reader keep focus on what is being said. So you get a roll cage instead of back seats and a massive fuel tank However, I noticed looking more closely at the syntax that most of the sentences in this text are declarative sentences. This is very effective in fulfilling the purpose of the text, to inform the reader by giving him the facts of the car in a clear and authoritative way, settings his view apart. A declarative sentence helps the author give and inform the reader, and doesnt really force the reader in to the article as he is merely informing the reader. An example of a declarative sentence would be Ive always enjoyed driving them and always admired there quality but I find them as emotionless as Limestone. These declaratives also effectively help give a good in-depth account of every little detail, which is why people turn to articles such as this. He also uses interrogative sentences, as he is posing questions to the reader, although a lot are merely rhetorical, in order to bring the reader in to the article and helps the reader feel more part of the article so that they can relate to it better. It can also make the reader think and keeps their interest in the subject matter, on the question he is posing. Is the original always the best, ponders Clarkson? There is little evidence of imperative and exclamative sentences, which shows he is not trying to force himself or his opinions on the reader, and is trying to relate to his audience Text A is more or less in the present tense, with the verbs having -ing endings, this helps the Text feel much more dynamic and positive, it gives a feel of Jeremys opinions. It is a tactic to help emphasise the dynamic characteristics of the car, its power and speed. For example, exciting buying and going. In text B there is considerably more complex and compound sentences in the article. The lack of simple sentences defines the audience so as not to make the article sound so childish. Where as the use of complex and compounds helps the author to give more information and blocks to the reader, this helps the article to be aimed at a much more mature audience who want to know the details, emphasising how the author is trying to make it appeal to his target audience. The Scroots Cobra was the first CRS built and has a 225bhp fuel Also in text B, there are a lot more declaratives, theres no prize money or speed helping to deliver the information to the reader, again very useful in its purpose as it can be used to inform the reader. A few imperatives are also used in the text, turn right, now helping the audience understand what the race involved and it was co-ordinated, to give a better feel of the race, and a taste for potential participants next year. The lack of interrogative sentences showed, the authors aim to merely inform the reader of the event and not an aim to question the race in any sort of way. Orthography One of the most important aspects of an article is the first line. The first line I CANT QUITE REMEMBER is used to catch the attention of the reader. It will stand out to the reader and will draw him to the article; this is another way Jeremy Clarkson has looked to draw the reader to the article. Starting off-topic will also help him make it accessible to a wider audience, some of whom may not be able to relate to the main topic. He also uses Italics for the names of certain proper nouns, Thunderball, Casino Royale, and the Sunday Times. This helps him emphasise its importance, however it all fits in later on in the article. He used the movies in Italics to separate it from the main topic but it has a certain relation to the Porsche, as does the mentioning of the Sunday times. Jeremy Clarkson uses italics to help him focus on aspects of his article, to help the reader have a better understanding of his introduction of other topics. The use of commas in betweens the sentences helps deliver the information to the reader easily, and will make it much easier for all the readers, making it a easier read makes it more accessible to all kinds of people, which Jeremy Clarkson and Top Gear are aiming at, as it a major show whats important is ratings from the public.. Text B uses a lot of quotations to make the race an active part of the article turn right. Now making the article more interesting for the reader. Making the article active and relating it to the race helps make the reader feel its going on, and is more entertainment value while informing the reader. There also is a use of italics in the article, but for a different reason to Text A. The author uses italics when the word in related to the wine, this bring a sense of sophistication as he is emphasising the wine and attracts the audience he is aiming at. Furthermore like Text A, he also uses commas in between the sentences helps deliver the information to the reader easily, and will make it much easier for the readers. Conclusion Both of these articles are used as subtle advertisements and seem to attract and entice the reader to buy or to get involved with the race. It has certain techniques to bring the reader in to the articles. The conclusion I have drawn from this investigation is that in many instances both writers have certain techniques, in an aim to attract their audience. Text A uses very obvious techniques trying to stand out to the reader and to draw the reader in to the article. Text B uses a conservative approach in order to bring the audience to the article, by the use of gentle colours and giving it a sense of sophistication. This helps it attract an audience they are aiming for. Also what I found in Text A is that the Porsche seemed to have advertised as something evil, to emphasise its speed in relation to how it could kill you, which is an attractive prospect in fast cars. Whilst Text B relates to the cars involved with generic terms of speed, like thunder. It helps attract the audience they are aiming for and both articles have a clear aim to reach a male audience relating to the language used. Another one of my aims was proved upon, as Text B uses a lot of Technical language related to cars, 225 BHP. It focuses on the cars, and the beauty behind the car, i.e. sculptured although that it not the main topic of the article. The language use is much more complex and difficult than Text B, as the author was only appealing to a certain audience, whereas the Jeremy Clarkson article has a wider audience he can aim for and can attract. Both articles were interesting reads, and both have certain characteristics, Text A is good for entertainment value and will help engage the reader to the article, and aimed at a wider audience who seem to be interested in modern day fast cars. It can also be said this type of article can be seen merely as entertainment for, and an escape for, the heterosexual male. Text B, however is aimed at someone who appreciates car and is interested in being part of something important, it may not interest the wide audience but however it brings about class and sophistication that Text A doesnt come close to. Evaluation All in all I felt my investigation was a successful one; as I went on to prove my aims although there were many aspects that I couldve improved upon. I felt I could have improved on time management, as I should have focused on the aspects that I felt I had to write about, and not have started to annotate the whole article, which was very time consuming. The investigation is not a full representation of mens car magazines, which means the analysis may not be totally fair as it only looks at a few magazines out of a very long range. I could have taken a larger sample and used more magazines, with differentiating characteristics like Nuts and GQ, which give a different view on mens products than both these magazines. This would have allowed me to have a much broader and fair analysis. These wouldve been targeted to a different audience, although it may have been time consuming. A further investigation could be done contrasting articles written by male and female authors, possibly about cars or maybe branching out to other products. This was the first idea that I thought up, however it was extremely difficult to find a car review in a magazines, written by a women for women. It would be interesting to see what king of language each of the authors use to appeal to a certain audience, and how women and men review cars.

Who Were The Loyalists History Essay

Who Were The Loyalists History Essay The American Revolution was the leading cause of the Loyalists emigration from the United States to Canada. When the British Empire expanded their territory in Quebec, the American/British subjects in the colonies were heavily disappointed as they were looking to annex this interior themselves. Thus, in the year 1775, the Americans decided to revolt against the British Empire, and the American Revolution began with the battle of Lexington.  [1]  In the following year, in 1776, the 13 rebellious colonies announced their independence against the British. Nevertheless, it did not indicate that every colony had agreed to participate in this uprising. The British Empire was considered to be one of the most powerful nations in the world at the time due to their superior army and navy. As a result, many of the colonies (the Loyalists) refused to take part in arms against their opponent, choosing to remain loyal to them. Because they could no longer stay in their homeland, they decided t o leave the United States and migrate to Canada.  [2]  This paper will analyze who the Loyalists were, and discuss what their roles were in impacting Nova Scotia and the rest of Canada in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. There were various classes among the Loyalists; they included struggling backwoods farmers, merchants, and artisans.  [3]  There were many degrees of Loyalism in this conflict. Some desired to express their Loyalism to the British by taking certain actions such as fighting for the defeat of the revolution. They supported the British Empire by taking arms against the Americans. Whereas, there were those who chose not to fight and simply attempted to fit in to the new environment in the maritime of Canada. They represented approximately a quarter of the population during this period in the late eighteenth century (which was about 2 million).  [4]  Eventually, once they realized that the Americans started to take advantage against the British, many of these Loyalists began to believe that the revolution would be successful and they realized that they could no longer reside in America. Many of them, with the generals, decided to leave this land forever.  [5]  Some, however, d id not leave until 1783 when the peace treaty was made. Most non-assimilated Loyalists have made peace with the situation because of their families, farms, and other factors to take care of. In fact, there were about 50 000 people leaving as Loyalists some chose to return to Britain, Bermuda, and to the West Indies. About 30 000 of them chose to go to Nova Scotia, and about 7 000 have gone to Quebec.  [6]  The American Revolution has lasted for a long period of time; and by the end of it, in1780, there were Loyalists entering Quebec to what were essentially refugee camps.  [7]   Immediately following the American Revolution, Nova Scotia faced the initial brunt of Loyalist immigration. Initially, Nova Scotia was considered to be insignificant in the eyes of Britain, as the colony only had about 20,000 settlers. However, this has changed in1783, as its population have suddenly doubled with Loyalist immigration. These Loyalists were mostly consisted of highly aristocratic or upper class people. They have settled in the region in order to be closer to their contemporaries and families in Britain. About 14,000 of them have decided to settle along the Bay of Fundy into the St. John River region in 1783 alone.  [8]  Due to the sheer number of settlers in the region, it has led the British government to create the colony of New Brunswick in 1784. Furthermore, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island were splintered into two separate colonies in the same year. They were separated until 1820, when Cape Breton Island has rejoined Nova Scotia again.  [9]   While the majority of the Loyalists were Caucasians, most of these English-speaking settlers decided to settle in Nova Scotia and by doing this, they have developed the Upper Canadian region. Furthermore, they were not the only immigrants who were residing in Nova Scotia, as there were also Black settlers who previously  immigrated to the Maritimes as well.  [10]  Finally, the last group residing in the land were the Aboriginals who were  given land in Upper Canada for staying loyal to the British Empire during the American Revolution.  [11]   The British authorities in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia were having problems with the sudden entry of Loyalists to the Maritimes. In the 1760s, the British officials had offered lands in both colonies to soldiers, couriers, and politicians and they have become the new landlords. In return, these new landlords were to promise to settle the lands with farmers in a way that was used in the Seigneurial system in New France. In 1783, the Britain government promised to give: one hundred acres of free land to every Loyalist household head; an additional 50 acres of free land for each extra family member; even more land for those who held a military rank. Furthermore, they also provided food rations for many years to the settlers in Nova Scotia. Additionally, tools and building materials were given to them for free to help clear out and settle their land.  [12]   However, the problem was that most Loyalists were inefficient at incorporating this system into good use and a great deal of these lands were unused even by the 1770s.  [13]  Furthermore, once a land title had been granted, the British government could not easily control how these now occupied lands were to be used for. This issue was especially more problematic in the Prince Edward Island region, as many of the landlords there were able to trick several hundred Loyalists into settle in their domain. These settlers were mostly either Scottish or Irish, and the landlords who were also from Ireland were able to attract the new immigrants easily.  [14]  They have convinced them by telling them that they will be allowed to stay as long as they want, as long as they have promised to clear the land and then build roads and buildings. However, the fact of the matter is that these landlords never intended to keep their promise. They simply wished these settlers would do all the hard work for them for no charge.  [15]  The solution was created only in 1873, the year when P.E.I had decided to join the Confederation. At that point, the new province followed the recommendation of the Land Commission of 1860 and enacted the Tenants Compensation Act of 1872.  [16]  This act had allowed compensation to be made available to those who could prove their Loyalist ancestors had been tricked by absentee landlords.  [17]  Absentee landlords in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island, on the other hand, simply did not bother to populate their land with new settlers at all. Thus, a land shortage crisis rose in the early 1780s, considering the massive influx of Loyalists coming into the region.  [18]  Unlike the situation in Prince Edward Island, however, the British government was able to immediately take some of this land back: about 2.5 million acres out of about 5.5 million acres in total.  [19]   The Irish were not the only ones who were tricked by the British government. During the 1870s, there were a significant number of Black Loyalist immigration movements. In fact, about 3,000 of them have moved into the British North American region this year, and most of them chose Nova Scotia to settle.  [20]  Some of the Black slaves in America have fought against the Patriots during the revolution, and to reward them, and convince more to fight for them, the British Crown had promised to give them freedom, equality and land to settle in the colonies.  [21]  Nevertheless, when these immigrants arrived from the newly created United States, the lands that were given to them as reward were either small or poor in quality in comparison to the lands that were given to the white Loyalists. Therefore, this caused many of the Black settlers to leave Nova Scotia, and find a new place to settle in.  [22]   Thomas Peters was a black Loyalist settler who was given permission to head to Britain in order to plead on the behalf of black immigrants in Nova Scotia. While the British were having problems with the complaints made by the citizens of Canada due to their inability to keep their promise, Peters met up with the Sierra Leone Company which was a land firm that was willing to provide Blacks with free land in Africa.  [23]  Ultimately, because of Peters action, many black settlers were able to leave Nova Scotia in the 1790s for search of a new opportunity and start a new life overseas in the new colony of Freetown at Sierra Leone. Some however, decided to stay behind and continue their lives in Nova Scotia since they felt their life there was content.  [24]  In fact, between 1790s and 1830s, the British government began to slowly start outlawing slavery in its colonies. Eventually, by 1833, slavery was finally abolished in all of British colonies. Nevertheless, this did not indi cate that prejudice and racism have disappeared in British North America for a lasting time.  [25]  Instead, it demonstrated that the Maritime region generally became a more tolerant and free place for black settlers to reside and live compared to the United States. In fact, the Americans have not outlawed slavery until 1865, which became the reason why some of the Black settlers decided to stay in Canada. Thanks to this new freedom, in Upper Canada during early to mid 1800s, it has attracted more and more fugitive slaves to enter during the period of the Underground Railroad.  [26]   The new arrival of Loyalists signified the beginning of English Canada. These new settlers, who had homes and farms back in their old homeland, had to start their lives anew in the new environment, as most of them deserted all of their possessions back in their old homes.  [27]  Furthermore, there was another problem, as the new region was untouched by civilization. Meaning, even though there was a vast amount of land, it mostly consisted of dense forests full of large trees and were considered to be useless. Therefore, they could not start farming, until they logged the regions trees and bushes. In fact, it was even difficult for these settlers to build even a cabin.  [28]  To make matters worse, most of them were no longer young. Thankfully, in the Upper Canadian region, the accidents of war and the revolution has brought a large amount of people who were experienced at settling; they were loyal to the Crown and most importantly, they understood how to start farming in an e nvironment they were not used to.  [29]  In addition, they were supported by the government, which has alleviated the difficulties of establishing the settlers.  [30]  Another significance that was made by the movement of Loyalists to Canada in the eighteenth century is that it has created dualism (French and English) within the nation. Before the movement, in the Quebec area, most of the settlers consisted of French speakers. However, this changed after 1783, when a significant number of English merchants migrated to the area; meaning, dualism has emerged in Quebec, which consisted of a large French majority and an English minority.  [31]  The impact on French Canada is very important as more and more English Loyalists came into what is now Ontario. In effect, it has also forced the government to reconsider the Quebec Act. Into the 1780s or 90s, there were even more immigrants coming into Ontario from the United States who were known as the Late Loyalists. They did not come for ideological reasons; but rather they decided to migrate for the search for better lands, as they were skilled pioneer farmers.  [32]   These Loyalists have affected Nova Scotia and Quebec to help Canada to develop into a nation that exists today. First, population growth was possible thanks to Loyalists, as many European settlers of all different kinds of social classes and races, including, farmers, merchants, both Black and White settlers, and even aristocrats (mostly Late Loyalists) have decided to move to Canada. Second, despite the fact that these Loyalists were used by the landlords who were misusing their authority that was given by the British government for their own benefit, their actions helped develop Canada as these new settlers have cleared out the useless lands and started farming in the region. Lastly, Loyalists have made bilingualism possible in Canada. In the beginning, the majority of settlers were French speakers and no English settlers were to be found. However, after the movement two different groups were formed in the nation.