Drugs Alcohol Among Young People - 1049 Words

Drugs assignment Q1 Introduction Drug and alcohol use among under the legal age is lessening more and more by the years. Though it is still a large problem, not to the extent of how many are using, but how often they use and what effect it has around them. Everyone has access to prescription drugs, it is easy to buy and can be extremely dangerous to mess with. Even if the percentage is low, it still has a large effect on the people around them. My outlook on the situation is that there may not be many underage drinkers and drug users, but there still are. Its still a massive problem, I personally know many underage drinkers and plenty of drug users, I have no experience with drugs or alcohol, not to be mistaken that I have felt†¦show more content†¦63.3% of use occurs at rave/dance parties about 4% of young people have illegally used prescribed medication (painkillers, tranquilisers, barbiturates, or steroids) in the last 12 months The percentage of young people using drugs is rather small, but that does not cancel the fact that there are users. The percentage of adults using is getting smaller, and with that, the percentage of the young children are lessening also. This is a very positive look on these numbers, but again, there are still users. Children should be properly educated about drugs and alcohol, many school are provided with speakers and studies, but speakers are adults. And most people don’t like learning from what adults say. Prescription dugs are also being used illegally. This shows that even things that are supposed to help and innocent objects can be used in a harmful manor. Over the counter drugs can also be used to make illegal drugs. Q.4parents against drugs: Throughout the essay, parents and adults have been mentioned many times, because as we all know, children don’t happily follow and adults word. Not up until the teens. Many young people like to experiment on life on their own, learn from their own mistakes. Positive: parents make an impact on their child’s life, negative or positive, either way will make a decision for their children. If the child grows up around drugs and alcohol, the child can either choose to be likeShow MoreRelated Being Popular Essay539 Words   |  3 PagesBeing Popular Drug and alcohol abuse is a serious problem among many young people. Most drug and alcohol abuse happens on the weekend at a party or at a friend’s house. Young people want to be popular and fit in, and if fitting in means drinking or using drugs, they are going to do it. After a few parties, and a few nights out at a friend’s house,young people start to get addicted to drugs and alcohol and their life begins to fall apart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being popular is a goal that all teenagers wantRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Teenage Drinking725 Words   |  3 Pageslargest social issues among young people in America today. Although more than half of high schoolers drink on a regular basis, the problem is that they are not aware of how dangerous alcohol can be. Although the health risks of heavy drinking are known and understood, the social habit continues to be accepted as a cultural norm. Is it surprising then, that the young people are beginning to drink at school ages. The reality is that alcohol is often the cause of many problems among these teenagers. SimplyRead More Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years The years of adolescence are a very important time for both young girls and boys to make decisions that will essentially have the power to shape their lives. In life there are conflicts to be overcome from both the â€Å"evil† social world and also a young girl’s vulnerability can cause problems. Both have a huge impact on decisions she will make. Drugs and alcohol are both issues that almost any young person in today’s society is going to comeRead MoreDeterminants of Marijuana Use Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversal drug. It is easily accessible to most people and is the number one illicit drug used in North America. Although the availability and knowledge of this drug is fairly equal for all people in North America, marijuana tends to be more prevalent in teenagers and young adults. Maisto, Galizio, and Conners (2004) reported that use of marijuana [in young people] was 8.0% among those aged 12-17; 16% among those aged 18-25, as compared to 6.8% am ong those aged 26-34; and 2.4% among those 35 andRead MoreAlcohol Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesprint) Signature: Date Abstract The consumption of alcohol in Australia is becoming a problem, and because of irresponsible and callous drinking, Australia is in need of a more mature drinking culture. The main points in this essay discuss the issues concerning irresponsible drinking amongst teens.They include the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, accidents involving underage drinkers and teens delaying the consumption of alcohol for as long as possible. This essay argues that becauseRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1604 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana can be a very addicting drug to most people, especially young adults. Most young teens engage in marijuana usage as their first drug of choice. â€Å"Marijuana is known as the most common type of illicit drug use is, and the vast majority of those users are what some have called â€Å"recreational† or â€Å"social† or â€Å"casual† users† (Hart Ksir, 2015). Many people like to smoke among others in order to be social with one another. Young teenagers often enjoy smoking marijuana at a party, friend’s houseRead MoreUnderage Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse1597 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, there is a lot of issues concerning drug and alcohol abuse in schools whether its at the high school or college level. Not only does drug and alcohol consumption effect your overall health, it can effect your academic performance as well. In this paper I am going to be talking about the problems with drug and alcohol abuse, preventions, risks, costs and much more. We are going to dissect the problems with drug alcohol consumption amongst young adults, from high school to college, and I willRead MoreAlcohol Is The Drug Of Choice Among Youth1692 Words   |  7 PagesCan a person be too young to become addicted to alcohol and drugs? Or why is age of first use of alcohol is critically important? There are many questions raised on consumption of alcohol when it comes on drinking at early age. Alcohol often has a strong e ffect on people and throughout history, we have struggled to understand and manage the power of alcohol. However, we hardly think how much alcohol is too much for us, unless we get into any kind of trouble or shows some physical or mental effectsRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is Not A New Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse Drug abuse is not a new problem, it has been happening for the longest time, abusing drugs has always been an interesting topic to me because I have never been able to grasp the concept of why addicts start or continue when it is clearly obvious that it has negative effects on the human body. It is a popular conception of common sense, but is false. Drug abusers sometimes are not educated enough to know the damages or the addict truly believes they are not addicted. This topic sparksRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement strategy aimed at reducing aggressive, disruptive classroom behavior, a risk factor for adolescent and illicit drug abuse (SAMHSA, 2016). Similarly the focus group participants mentioned that Academia Education from K-12 grade needs to incorporate evidence-based programs in the academic curriculum in addressing alcohol and other drug use among the youth. NH young adults emphasized the importance of introduc ing substance misuse education in early school age from elementary while strengthening

Cuba And The Cold War - 1194 Words

According to Freedomhouse.org, from the 195 countries that had been assessed, forty six percent were rated free, twenty eight percent partly free, and twenty 6 percent not Free. 51 countries have an authoritarian government where the rights of the citizens has been diminished and left in the grasp of the government. All humans have natural rights that should not be squandered by the greediness and cruelty of those in charge. One of the most important questions asked is why some countries are democratic and others authoritarian. During the Cold War, the competition was between capitalism and communism. Since those days, Russia has decided to turn its economic system into a more capitalist structure. Their economy has begun to grow exponentially, which as a result expanded the middle class. The richer the citizens get, the more aware of their surroundings they became. Cuba is a world-renowned oppressive regime under the rule of the Castro family. They dismissed democratic ideology and the free market system, which had been proven successful in other countries. On the opposite side, countries such as Australia provide their citizens with the natural rights they are entitled to. They are a surging capitalist country that has been reaping off the benefits of the open market and private ownership. The main distinction between the two countries of Cuba and Australia is how capitalist the countries are. The degree of their capitalism has a ripple effect on the citizens, which overShow MoreRelated Cuba in the Cold War Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pages On April 17, 1961 one of the greatest foreign policy mistakes of the Cold War was made, the attempted invasion of the Bay of Pigs, Cuba. The failed invasion happened under the administration of John F. Kennedy and caused the deaths and imprisonment of over 1500 Cuban exiles fighting to over throw the rule of Fidel Castro. The aftermath caused much larger impacts towards United States foreign policy. The invasion made the United States look imperialistic to the rest of the world and allowed theRead MoreA Cold War Relic : Should The United States Seek Tighten The Economic Grip On Cuba? If So900 Words   |  4 PagesA Cold War Relic Should the United States seek to tighten the economic grip on Cuba? If so, why? In looking at the situation with common sense and practicality, a continued economic grip on Cuba, and more importantly the Cuban people, is relatively useless without the cooperation from a large number of other countries. It makes even less sense when you consider that the United States trades with countries with similar political ideologies such as China and Vietnam, China now a part of the WorldRead MoreCuban Missile Impact On The World Of The Cold War902 Words   |  4 PagesCuban Missile War Is Cuban communism the beginning of the Cold War? Could the Cuban Missile Crisis end in the world devastation? According to freedictionary.com, nuclear war is â€Å"war in which nuclear weapons are used by both sides. As generally used, the term assumes major use of nuclear weapons by at least two opposing warring states.† The invasion of Cuba by United States caused by the alliances between Cuba and the Soviet Union brought conflict between those countries. The United State tried toRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Gave the Order for the Bay of Pigs Invasion1100 Words   |  4 Pagesto invade Cuba and overthrow Castro, America was expecting a victory. The American population expected Cuba to be destroyed. They thought Cuba could not stand up to the United States. What they didn’t expect was that Cuba would put up a fight. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a deciding factor in the Cold War that gave Cuba and the Soviet Union strength, and decreased morale and confidence in the Ameri cans. The Bay of Pigs invasion took place during the Cold War, which was not an actual war, but it consistedRead MoreCuban Missile Crisis : A Ten Day Confrontation Between The United States And The Soviet Union 878 Words   |  4 PagesMissile Crisis Essay The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October of 1962. The stand off was over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the Cold War ever came to a full out nuclear war. The event was broadcasted on television for the world to see causing a global panic, especially in America. John F. Kennedy announced that the U.S. would use a naval blockade to eliminate the Cuban threatRead MoreConceptions of the Cold War Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesterm Cold War? The term Cold War can be defined as the period of political impasse which existed between our country (U.S.A.) and U.S.S.R. from the early 1950s until the fall of Communism in the early 1980s. Words and phrases associated with Cold War include, race to arms, race to space, Bay of Pigs, and The Berlin Wall. Did you ever study the Cold War in school? If so, what are some aspects of the Cold War that you remember? Having been born in 1952, I lived during the Cold WarRead MoreU.s. Cuba Relations : A Discussion Of Constructivism And Realism1329 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. – Cuba Relations: A Discussion of Constructivism and Realism During the Cold War, relations between Cuba and the United States were icy. Cuba was allied with the USSR, America’s enemy, and was well within their sphere of influence. With events like the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis happening on their soil, Cuba was at the center of the Cold War. Between ideological differences and their alliance with Russia, Cuba became an enemy of America as well. It took the effortsRead MoreThe Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis one must understand, the Cold war drama; the dangerous crisis; and its importance today. In order to understand the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis in American history one must first understand the Cold War drama, Castro’s rise to power, and the American operations that set up the crisis. â€Å"The term Cold War refers to the post-World war II global geostrategic, economic, and ideological competition between the East, led by theRead MoreCold War Influence in Latin America1616 Words   |  7 PagesCold War Influence in Latin America The United States and the Soviet Union competed against each other during the Cold War in the second half of the 20th Century like a chess game, with the world as their chessboard and countries as pawns in their game. For the Russians, a critical part of the chessboard was Cuba and Latin America. The Russians believed that if they could align themselves with countries in the western hemisphere, America’s â€Å"backyard†, it would help the Soviet Union counter the strongRead MoreWhat Major Events in the Cold War Caused Fidel Castro to Side with the Soviet Union Super Power?805 Words   |  4 PagesWhat major events in the Cold War caused Fidel Castro to side with the Soviet Union Super Power? In the 1960’s the world was largely dominated by the Cold War which was a long period of tension and hostility that only occasionally broke out into open warfare. This conflict was caused by the rivalry of two superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union and emerged after the Second World War. Both super powers had different ideologies - the United States was a capitalist democracy, whereas

Digital Communities Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Digital Communities Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Communication is nothing but the systematic process of exchanging necessary information and ideas based on which both the sender and receiver can interact with each other. At the current era, mass communication has expanded their widespread wings throughout the World. Mass communication enables to multiply the messages beyond going any particular geographical boundary with the help of various medium. The primary purpose of implementing an effective communication strategy is to make a strong connection among various communities. This particular study has primarily focused to deal with multi-platform communication strategy. Multi-platform communication is one of the major parts of mass communication. Two different multiplatform communication tools have been decided to be chosen. Based on the two different multiplatform communication tools the study has focused to point out various impacts of multiplatform communication strategy. The concept of multiplatform communication strategy: In the current era, the use of multi-platform communication media has become a necessity for increasing the wide spread wings throughout World. Professional communicators while expanding their business worldwide need to know how to utilize various media platform in order to make an effective communication with the people of different community (Antonio, Grimaccia and Mussetta 2012). When a business organization intends to launch a new product, the marketing managers have to utilize the popularity of media in order to draw the attention of the people from different community. At that time, this particular business organization intends to use multi-platform communication strategy for creating a market demand on their product. With the help of multiplatform communication, strategy has been used mainly to draw the attention of different community people (Bechmann 2012). People of different culture and attitude belong to a particular community. Some of them are very much advanced in techn ology and some is not that much familiar to use the utility of online media platform. The key role of a professional communicator is to reach the doorsteps of every kind of target people. In this situation, multiplatform communication strategy has been used to deal with the people of various culture and attitude (Candel 2012). In addition, while promoting a new brand business organizations aims to reach their products in various remote areas. Therefore, online platform is fruitful for the advanced people, especially for the young generation. On the other hand, offline media platform can easily draw the attention of middle aged and old aged persons. Various tools of multiplatform communication strategy: Multiplatform communication strategy is constituted with two major tools primarily that include online communication platform and offline communication platform. With the help of online communication platform, the communicators intend to draw the attention of different community people belonging from various geographical areas (Del Mar Grando and Bonaut 2012). On the other hand, offline communication platform is used for the regional community primarily. For an example, most the Asian countries have still remained under developing. While promoting a business product in those under developing countries, marketing managers intend to utilize the platform of offline media such as radio, television, newspaper magazine, banner, hoarding, signboard and so many. Online communication platform: Among the online communication platform, the professional communicators primarily intend to use the popularity of social media in order to draw the attention of various different communities. Among the social media platform, the name of facebook, twitter, instagarm are most prominent (Friedrichsen and Mhl-Benninghaus 2013). With the help of facebook and twitter, people of various remote areas are able to keep a constant relation with each other. Numerous business organizations like to utilize the platform of facebook by providing online advertisements. People of different countries get the opportunities to see this advertisement (Garca-Avils 2012). As a result, their brand does not remain restricted within a particular regional area. This is one of the most effective ways to promote a new brand. Social media is one of the most popular platforms based on which various business organizations can reach their brand in the international market. Young generations are the fervent users of f acebook and twitter. Ghanam, Maurer and Abrahamsson (2012) stated that most of the countries of Australia, UK, US intend to utilize the popularity of online media. Due to the technological advancement, the people of these countries are well acquainted with social media platform. Off line communication platform Among the offline television platform the use of television is most prominent. Television has been considered as a mass communication that can multiply the messages. People of different areas come to know about the new brands and products. Business organizations generally intend to promote their product through television advertising. Most of the renowned organizations tend to pay for prime time so that their new product can draw the attention of most of the people. Goyanes and Drrenberg (2014) opined that middle-aged persons are the prime users of television. Therefore, business organizations can easily utilize television in order to draw the attention of target customers. Major strategies on multiplatform communication Multiplatform strategy has been used primarily in order to engage the people for making an effective communication (Guerrero, Diego and Pardo 2013). In case of any business organization, business experts like to follow multiplatform business strategy in order to draw the attention of people from various culture and background. The ways that multiplatform strategy can be applied are as followed: Customer centric strategy rather than the platform centric: One of the biggest reasons of using multiplatform strategy inside the organizations is to impress different kinds of customers. Various business organizations intend to use multiplatform communication strategy for drawing the attention of different kind of people (Korda and Itani 2013). People from 18 to 34 age group are mainly comfortable with online media. Therefore, business organizations like to use social media such as facebook, twitter for increasing the attention of young generation primarily. Creating a consistent and integrated attention: When a business organization intends to maintain a promotional activity, the business experts tend to use multiplatform media in order to quench the thirst of target consumers. As per the consumer behavior, people want to gather a detailed knowledge and information about a particular product before purchasing it (Lin 2012). Media is one of the most effective platforms based on which people of various cultures and background can come to detailed information about this specific brand. Therefore, multiplatform media is able to create a consistent attention in between the communicators and receivers. Understanding demographic differences Professional communicators like to segregate the multiplatform media as per the demographic market segmentation. Demographic market segmentation has been conducted according to gender, income status and age group of people. While launching a new business in a developed country like Australia, the business managers would like to segregate the market as per the income level of target consumers (Mic, Masip and Domingo 2013). The media has been utilized based on the age group. For an example, off line media such as television, radio, newspaper, magazines are primarily useful for the age of above 40 people. On the other hand, social media platform has been used for 18 to 35 age group primarily. Impact of multiplatform communication strategy: People get high benefits and facilities by using multiplatform communication strategy inside the organization. Before purchasing a product from a particular organization, the target customers can come to know an in-depth overview about this particular product. As a result, it is beneficial for both the organization and the customers. At the same time, this communication strategy is not devoid of some of its negative impact as well. However, in this part, both the positive and the negative impacts of multiplatform communication strategy have been discussed in detailed. To make an effective communication with the people By using multiplatform communication strategy, both the sender and receiver can make an effective interaction with each other. While promoting a new product business organizations like to create a public forum in the new media platform (Srensen 2013). Through this particular public forum both the service providers and the receivers are able to maintain a communication. Consumers are free to know their feedback about the product and service system of the company. In addition, they can make a complaint as well against the service system. Service providers on the other hand intend to change their business strategy as per the feedback received from the customers. In case of off line media, the business organization receives the feedback being delayed. With the help of off line media, consumers cannot get the opportunity to communicate directly with the organization. In spite of that it is undeniable that people of various culture and background are able to make an effective interact with the help of multiplatform media. To unite people in a huge platform Multiplatform communication strategy is able to unite people in a huge platform. For an example, if a business organization intends to give an online advertising in social media platform, this organization is able to create the attention of a large number of people at a time. They get the scope to receive numerous reactions from various people with the help of like post. Apart from clicking at the like button, people are to make comment on the same page. Organizations use to receive a million of comments in a same platform (Lin 2012). This particular feedback is very much helpful for the organization as well. They get the opportunity to change their business strategy in order to satisfy the needs and demands of the customers. In case of offline media platform, the type of maintaining unity can be considered in a different way. While showing a television advertisement people of various culture and attitude watch the same advertisement. From that perspective, it is undeniable that multiplatform communication strategy is definitely able to unite a large number of people in the same platform. The negative impacts of multiplatform strategies are as follows: Harmful for students: Both the offline and the online communication platform are harmful for the students as well. Especially online media platform renders addiction on the mind of students. They become addicted in piracy activities. As a result, it indirectly hampers the society. Scope to promote propaganda: Business organizations with the help of multimedia platform intend to involve in propaganda while promoting their business (Srensen 2013). While preparing the concept of advertisement, business experts like to use numerous epithets. With the help of these epithets, they can easily manipulate the customers. People generally intend to pay their attention to purchase the product by getting tempted from the colorful advertisements. Conclusion: This particular study has provided a detailed understanding about the importance of multiplatform communication strategy for maintaining an effective interaction in between the sender and the receiver. At the very beginning, the study has provided a clear concept about the multiplatform communication strategy. Among the various media platform the importance of offline media and the online media has been discussed in detail. Social media such as facebook, twitter have been considered in the category of online media. On the other hand, among the off line media platform the impacts of television for drawing the attention of people are most prominent. This particular study has focused to highlight both the positive impact as well as the negative impacts. Reference List: Antonio, P., Grimaccia, F. and Mussetta, M., 2012. Architecture and methods for innovative heterogeneous wireless sensor network applications.Remote Sensing,4(5), pp.1146-1161. Bechmann, A., 2012. Towards Cross-Platform Value Creation: Four patterns of circulation and control.Information, Communication Society,15(6), pp.888-908. Candel, R.S., 2012.Adapting Public Service to the Multiplatform Scenario: Challenges, Opportunities and Risks. Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut. Del Mar Grando, M. and Bonaut, J., 2012. Transmedia audiences and television fiction: A comparative approach between Skins (UK) and El Barco (Spain).Participations: Journal of Audience Reception Studies, (9), p.2. Friedrichsen, M. and Mhl-Benninghaus, W. eds., 2013.Handbook of social media management: value chain and business models in changing media markets. Springer Science Business Media. Garca-Avils, J.A., 2012. Roles of audience participation in multiplatform television: From fans and consumers, to collaborators and activists.Participations. Journal of Audience and Reception Studies,9(2), pp.429-447. Ghanam, Y., Maurer, F. and Abrahamsson, P., 2012. Making the leap to a software platform strategy: Issues and challenges.Information and Software Technology,54(9), pp.968-984. Gligorijevic, B. and Luck, E., 2012. Engaging Social CustomersInfluencing New Marketing Strategies for Social Media Information Sources. InContemporary research on e-business technology and strategy(pp. 25-40). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Goyanes, M. and Drrenberg, C., 2014. A taxonomy of newspapers based on multi-platform and paid content strategies: Evidences from Spain.International Journal on Media Management,16(1), pp.27-45. Guerrero, E., Diego, P. and Pardo, A., 2013. Distributing audiovisual contents in the new digital scenario: Multiplatform strategies of the main Spanish TV networks. InHandbook of social media management(pp. 349-373). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Korda, H. and Itani, Z., 2013. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change.Health promotion practice,14(1), pp.15-23. Lin, T.T., 2012. Cross-platform framing and cross-cultural adaptation: Examining elephant conservation in Thailand.Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture,6(2), pp.193-211. Mic, J.L., Masip, P. and Domingo, D., 2013. To wish impossible things* Convergence as a process of diffusion of innovations in an actor-network.International Communication Gazette,75(1), pp.118-137. Srensen, I.E., 2013. Channels as content curators: Multiplatform strategies for documentary film and factual content in British public service broadcasting.European Journal of Communication, p.0267323113504856.

The Early Modern European Economy Book Review Essay Example

The Early Modern European Economy Book Review Essay The Early Modern European Economy: A book review In â€Å"The Early Modern European Economy†, Peter Musgrave attempts to express and formulate an underlying pattern from modern studies of the early modern period. The underlying focus of the book is the transformation of the feudal system in the early modern period to the economy of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Musgrave attempts to conjoin new works on the topic of the early modern European economy by analyzing the key structures and arguments in recent material. In doing this, Musgrave attempts to deviate from historical viewpoints by defining Europe and the early modern age, identifying turning points in economic development, and distinguishing this period from previous ones. â€Å"The Early Modern European Economy† reexamines our understanding of how the economy is shaped, and delves into new interpretations that suggest social and cultural aspects determine economic activity. This review takes the perspective of what the book gives is useful in understanding the development of the economic system in the early modern period. However, it lacks a clear foundation in explaining the exact cause of how the transformation started feudalism to capitalism. Each chapter will be looked at in turn. Development and Change Although modern economic principles provide useful tools for the historian, the focus must be on the theoretical structure if we truly wish to understand the past. Musgrave states that we need to look past traditional perspectives that modern economic principles can be applied in this period. The reasons for using a theoretical approach lie in the fact that economics are very closely related to the social sciences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Early Modern European Economy Book Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Early Modern European Economy Book Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Early Modern European Economy Book Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A key figure in the foundations of economic development, Musgrave cites, belongs to Karl Marx. Separate from Marxism in the Soviet Union, he refers to Marx’s impact in stating the importance of the process of production. Factors such as what is produced, how it is produced, financed, and how organization and employment of labor give foundation to the roots of economic development (Musgrave 1999, 15). Marx states the polarization of wealth between classes brought upon economic, political and social tensions that produced change and growth. In understanding economic development in Europe as a whole, rganization of production plays a more crucial role than following the paradigm of the industrialized superpowers of Britain and Northern Netherlands. Stratagems and Spoils Instead of solely looking at development in the macroeconomic perspective, focus is shifted on individual choices. Musgrave highlights the importance that individuals and communities were not constrained by econom ic forces, rather they had choices between different courses of action that were determined by factors such as possible outcome, individual (or groups) aims and intentions, and the perception of the situation. The traditional opinion that majority of the population endured poverty and had no economic opportunity is no longer a widely accepted view (Musgrave 1999, 36). Contrary to traditional views that Europeans stayed in only one village, Musgrave states that such issues as migration actually improved the state of the economy instead of hindering it, as it allowed for more prosperous choices to Europeans if they were restricted or otherwise not able to maximize prosperity and security. Choices were in a large part, strategic and involved the minimization of risk. Climate, political structure, medical knowledge, and profit maximization are all factors that influenced decision making for Europeans, and these certainly helped shape and develop the economy. The Rise of a Consumer Society Thus far, issues of demand and consumption have largely been ignored in favor of production. Musgrave explains that this concentration on production is mainly due to the belief of a stagnant economy driven by poverty and subsistence; one that did not allow for questions of consumption to even be considered (Musgrave 1999, 59). However, economic historians are gradually discovering increasingly large amounts of evidence that consumption expanded due to families buying goods not purely for survival. Due to increased international trade and production, there was a much wider selection of goods available that allowed Europeans the choice for different goods including clothing, textiles, and even raw materials. Musgrave argues that there is an increasing pattern in time spent on leisure activities and the demand for them (Musgrave 1999, 64). A higher quality of life was now taking place because Europeans did not spend all their time on work. As the booming clothing and fashion industry continued, so did demand for innovation and change, which in turn helped produce change in the general pattern of industrialization in the early modern period. Transportation and communication systems evolved, which in turn greatly aided the development of European industry and commerce. The Role of the State An important yet scarce source of information comes from the role of the state within the economy. What historians do know is that the role of the state was central to the development of the economy by creating greater pressure towards monetarisation of the economy; mainly from the switch of payment in cash rather than in kind (Musgrave 1999, 86). It is known that states had difficulty increasing income because of poor taxation methods and documentation, and therefore the only way to increase that income was to borrow money or subsequently reduce metallic content in coinage, which in turn reduced the value of currency. Borrowing led to a dramatic increase in states’ refusal and inability to pay lenders, causing bankruptcies and further destabilizing the economy which encouraged the development of more modern banking systems (Musgrave 1999, 92). Taxation revenue used for financing the states own activities instead of being used as a tool of economic or social management resulted in frequent financial crises. It is not without saying that spending did not act as an economic stimulus however, as large infrastructure projects as well as war production created employment and improved production (Musgrave 1999, 100). With the poor taxation and documentation system, it is very difficult to assess the overall effect of the state on early modern economic development. It is however of great importance that we do not assess the early modern state based on the same aims, principles, structure, and effects of the modern state. The Prosperity of the South Traditional historians believe that the downturn of the South happened because of the rapidly developing North, but Musgrave states that this is based on intellectual constraints imposed from outside (Musgrave 1999, 113). Around the time of 1590, the South began to experience an economic decline while the North prospered with increased urbanization, migration, and agricultural systems. Musgrave states that the South was plagued by the Malthusian downturn, defined as an increase in demand and pressure on limited resources because of population increase (Musgrave 1999, 117). Agriculture was not specialized and in many cases, expansion into marginal land with low crop yields occurred which resulted in massive deforestation. Southern banks were under increased pressure as well because of majority of Europe borrowing and not repaying, thus driving up interest rates and leading to unattractive investment opportunities within the South. Eventually, due to an improving climate and the South’s strong focus on finance and banking helped them re-emerge from this economic crisis (Musgrave 1999, 134). Although the South did not grow as rapidly as the North, Musgrave reinforces the notion that their ability to solve the crisis within their own system suggests it was in many ways more prosperous and successful than the North. The Prosperity of the North Development of conveniently located port cities such as Amsterdam and London played a major part in the North’s prosperity. Additionally, changes in agriculture production greatly benefited the economy of the North. Joint stock financing also allowed companies to achieve much larger scale operations containing entrepreneurial goals, focusing on long-term profit and growth through mass production. Despite the advantages of joint stock financing and having such features as a Board of Directors, a Council, and dividend payments for investors, many companies still relied on financing through debt (Musgrave 1999, 151). Bond investors were much more numerous, as receiving regular coupon payments was much more attractive in the eyes of investors seeking stability and security. â€Å"This was hardly a shareholding revolution, nor yet a revolution in economic attitudes†, Musgrave states (Musgrave 1999, 151). Rapid growth and development came at a cost however, and because of advancing technology, demand for labor decreased. This economic advancement created a more serious subsistence crisis and depressions than the South. Traditional historians have viewed Northern Europe as more successful in economic development and growth but Musgrave however points out that majority of comparisons made between the two are based on comparing patterns of unlike to unlike (i. e. comparing leading sectors of the North with weak sectors of the South). Instead of viewing a North vs. South relationship, Musgrave states; they were in fact closely similar systems existing comfortably together, and if anything, the levels of prosperity in the South were higher until at least 1770 (Musgrave 1999, 159). Europe’s Place in the World Many traditional historians viewed the rest of the world as not being nearly as developed as Europe. Europeans themselves believed that they were able transform the political, economic and cultural patterns of non-European nations. The assumption that Europe civilized Asia with financial and technological superiority is wrong (Musgrave 1999, 164). European trade with Asia became restricted due to different political ideologies; quotas and tariffs were placed on goods frequently, not to mention extremely risky trade routes by sea. It was only due to Europe’s gold and precious metals/materials influx that made trade possible between the two regions. As Europe developed however, they were increasingly able to produce many goods that were sought after in Asian trade. At this same time, Europe was developing expansion in North America quite rapidly, and along with a booming textile and wool industry, slave trade became prominent. Musgrave argues that developments in the Americas were largely dependent on cooperation of the African states and slave traders (Musgrave 1999, 179). Despite Europe’s internal difficulties with inflation and unemployment, wealth gained in the Caribbean from sugar plantations brought major stimulus to Europe’s economy and played a major role in industrialization. It was clear that although Europe had their own struggles, the rest of the non-European world was facing development issues too. European expansion proved to be of crucial historic importance and helped the region in terms of economic development well into the 19th century. After reading â€Å"The Early Modern European Economy†, it is hard not to agree with many of the viewpoints Musgrave offers. The strongpoints of this text re highlighted in Musgrave’s criticism of previous historical approaches. This book emphasizes what we often forget about; the economy is very much shaped by the individual choices made by consumers. It is true that we cannot compare our own society to that of the past, and for this I agree with Musgrave. However, I feel he does not nearly touch on the beginning transformations of feudalism to capitalism enough. Questions such as; how did feudalistic entrepreneurs react to the increasingly changing economy, and the exact spark that set off the capitalistic venture, were not explained thoroughly enough. I feel that this was vital to the subject in understanding how such change developed. Despite this, I would highly recommend this book to readers interested in the subject of the early modern European economy. Peter Musgrave conceives patterns from the most up to date research, dispelling myths that have bedeviled the study of early modern Europe. â€Å"The Early Modern European Economy† is an invaluable resource in gaining resourceful insights on early economic development. Bibliography Musgrave, Peter. The Early Modern European Economy. Vol. 1. 1 vols. New York, N. Y. : St. Martins Press, Scholarly and Reference Division, 1999.

Free Essays on About Uncle Toms Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin This novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe was meant to bring the reality of slavery in the South to the citizens of the North. In this book she portrays both the best and worst of the life of a slave. In the beginning of the book, she shows the Shelby Plantation as the more humane side of slavery, if there was such a thing. The slaves are treated kindly and with respect. Lulling you into a false sense of complacency, the story tells of Uncle Tom, the main character. He is a Christian and forgiving soul. He manages the other slaves and is married to Chloe, a large, loving and happy woman. Chloe is a housekeeper and cook in the Shelby household. We also meet Eliza and George Harris. Eliza is a slave at the Shelby Plantation, while her husband, George, lives nearby. They have a son, Harry (and later, a daughter, Little Eliza, who is born free in Canada.). George, Mr. and Mrs. Shelby’s son, is thirteen when the story begins and eighteen when it ends. He is a somewhat self-centered boy, but loves spending time with the slaves, reading the bible at their prayer meetings. He grows as the book evolves, becoming a young man of character who devotes himself to ending slavery, eventually setting all of his family slaves free, and keeping Uncle Tom’s cabin as a monument. Mr. Shelby, in a time of financial need, plans to sell Uncle Tom and Harry. Mrs. Shelby has promised Eliza that her son will be able to stay with her, and is mortified to learn of her husbands’ plans. She pleads with him not to do this thing, but Mr. Shelby informs her it is too late. He has already signed the papers. The papers he signs sell Uncle Tom and Harry to Haley, a slave trader. He claims to be humane to his slaves, but we soon learn of his real personality. He is a crude man who believes that slaves are the equivalent of animals, with no feelings. He can not understand why a female slave thro... Free Essays on About Uncle Tom's Cabin Free Essays on About Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin This novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe was meant to bring the reality of slavery in the South to the citizens of the North. In this book she portrays both the best and worst of the life of a slave. In the beginning of the book, she shows the Shelby Plantation as the more humane side of slavery, if there was such a thing. The slaves are treated kindly and with respect. Lulling you into a false sense of complacency, the story tells of Uncle Tom, the main character. He is a Christian and forgiving soul. He manages the other slaves and is married to Chloe, a large, loving and happy woman. Chloe is a housekeeper and cook in the Shelby household. We also meet Eliza and George Harris. Eliza is a slave at the Shelby Plantation, while her husband, George, lives nearby. They have a son, Harry (and later, a daughter, Little Eliza, who is born free in Canada.). George, Mr. and Mrs. Shelby’s son, is thirteen when the story begins and eighteen when it ends. He is a somewhat self-centered boy, but loves spending time with the slaves, reading the bible at their prayer meetings. He grows as the book evolves, becoming a young man of character who devotes himself to ending slavery, eventually setting all of his family slaves free, and keeping Uncle Tom’s cabin as a monument. Mr. Shelby, in a time of financial need, plans to sell Uncle Tom and Harry. Mrs. Shelby has promised Eliza that her son will be able to stay with her, and is mortified to learn of her husbands’ plans. She pleads with him not to do this thing, but Mr. Shelby informs her it is too late. He has already signed the papers. The papers he signs sell Uncle Tom and Harry to Haley, a slave trader. He claims to be humane to his slaves, but we soon learn of his real personality. He is a crude man who believes that slaves are the equivalent of animals, with no feelings. He can not understand why a female slave thro...

Teamwork in organizations

Teamwork in organizations Technological developments have brought about great impacts on the world evidenced by constant and unexpected changes in the environment. These effects have been felt in the business circles with an increase in competition. Many businesses have found themselves in stiff and breath-taking competition. On the same note, this kind of environment requires any ambitious business organisation to utilise its resources well so that it can remain productive as well effective. Therefore, in this fast changing world, most organisations have resorted to increase their levels of production especially by team building at workplace. To achieve this, they have applied various methods of motivating their workers who are by far and large, are able to use their abilities and work harder and make achieving of high goals in that organization a reality (Gupta Shaw, 1998, p. 28). Such efforts by employees have also been found to be instrumental towards workers’ satisfaction at workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to motivation, many organizations have adopted collaborative working patterns whereby various team building exercises have been devised by organisations in order to boost the working morale of employees. The teams come together to perform a specific tasks and responsibilities (Appelbaum, Serena Shapiro, 2004, p.5). Teams in an organization would include management team, project team, work team and so on. These teams are motivated in a number of ways to work together and achieve impressive results. Some of the ways include actions to satisfy their needs, monetary incentives, rewards and punitive measures where necessary (Kohn, 1998 p. 30). Today, many organizations owe their success to teamwork since workers are motivated when they achieve great goals set forth by the organisation over and above some personal rewards and rec ognition that they may earn. The practice of team work has been established in several workplaces and has proved to be not only effective in managing organisations but also a prudent measure of assessing the performance of employees and growth of an organisation (Proctor Currie 2002 p. 306). This is an indication of its prevalence and its effectiveness in management and successful operations of an organisation. It is important to note that for a business to grow, work performance should be regularly assessed, evaluated and improved where necessary (Findlay et al., 2000, p.1552). A team is a group of individuals, who share roles and duties towards achieving the same goal while each team member is interdependent in their duties and are embedded in social systems like corporations or business units (McCabe,1990, p.204). In HRM, teamwork has been found to be beneficial due to the myriad gains it brings to the business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the dominant reasons why managers would prefer their employees to work as a team is motivation of group members. According to Wiley (1997), the attitude of employees while performing a particular task is largely influenced by the nature of team work spirit (Wiley, 1997 p.279). Hence, it is important to create an environment that is conducive enough while forming cohesive teams. For instance, the respective teams constituted by an organisation should be source of motivation for employees rather than just pulling efforts together. In addition, the author argues that most employers may not be keen in finding out other possible employees can be motivated over and above using monetary incentives. The way employees behave and respond to their various duties depends on the nature of motivation they obtain while working as a team. The theory of motivation looks into how to motivate an employee, how t hat motivation will influence how he behaves and the output of work. It tries to describe ways of motivating workers to work harder to satisfy their own needs as well as attain company goals (Wiley, 1997 p.279). There are numerous ways today of motivating workers in an organization. These ways or methods include ongoing learning, team based rewards, trust, 360-degree feedback, leadership, justice, empowerment, monetary incentives and so on (Herzberg, 1987, p.90). Teamwork can be understood in several ways. Firstly, it forms the basic unit of an organization and brings about high levels of production. It is therefore important that an organization know how and where to put teams depending on the wide range of responsibilities that the company has (Proctor Currie, 2002, p.306). There are various types of teams in an organization such as project teams, work teams, management teams and so on (Findlay et al., 2000 p.1552). Also, there are teams that perform autonomous work like the self managed work teams (SMWT) and the autonomous work group (AWG). In comparison, work teams that have been formed voluntarily perform better and are highly motivated than non voluntary groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An employee’s attitude towards teamwork greatly affects the success of an organization. An organization will fail to realize a certain goal if employees resist teamwork (Proctor Currie, 2002 p.306). This will win the attitudes of the employees and as a predictor, will work towards building teamwork in the organisation. Therefore this indicates that organizational outcomes are based on the trust that exists between the management of an organization and the employees (Kirkman, Jones Shapiro, 2000, p. 74). The performance of small groups within an organisation is a key ingredient to the overall output of the entire organisation. Henc e, the success of any organisation heavily relies on the individual output of small teams that constitute departments or divisions within an organisation. Increased productivity has been directly linked to group efficacy in an organisation. Besides, there are other group dynamics elated to group efficacy that may also contribute positively to the growth of an organisation (Paterson, 2010 p.10). Most studies have also revealed that group dynamics derive a lot of benefit from efficacy and the overall effectiveness of a group. Although leadership style in an organisation is paramount in driving groups, leadership satisfaction may not necessarily be affected by group efficacy. One of the most powerful ways through which groups can increase their efficacy and effectiveness is through team building exercises. It is worth noting organisations with high employee base coupled with diverse values may be cumbersome to manage. In order to improve the productivity of employees working in various departments, team work is indeed paramount. It may not be easy to harmonise different groups to work collectively and still appreciate their contribution and usefulness (Beeson, 2011, p.16). Therefore, team building exercise is duly necessary to improve the efficacy of teams. Team work is a very important organizational practice and behaviour that is highly recommended for any organisation seeking to boost its performance. The essence behind any team building and team work strategy is that when employees work or pull together towards achieving a common goal, it is more likely that the organisation will realize a much faster growth compared to when they pull in different directions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the concept of team building can be described as an organizational behaviour and practice that attempts to bring employees together as one cohesive team that works to achieve a common objective or goal. Through team work or working in small cohesive groups, an organisation will be in a position to not only advance the leadership skills of its employees, but the morale of its staff will equally be boosted (Casse Claudel, 2011 p.50). For example, when employees are taken for an outing in form of a retreat to conduct team building exercises, it will assist in breaking some of the barriers that exist among them. These barriers may be social, political or even personal and can significantly hinder the effectiveness of team work. Hence, team work that has been cultivated through team building for the purpose of creating vibrant working groups can indeed assist in identifying barriers that hinder the ability of members to be creative. Moreover, the huge number of employees that may be working in one particular organisation can work best if the organisational goals and objectives are clear. In this regard, goal setting theory suggests that employees from all levels of an organisation should participate in the process of goal setting and while they do so, it is upon the senior management to explain to them the importance of setting these goals. However, this can be achieved with much ease when employees work as small organized teams pursuing a common goal (Kohn, 1998 p.30). Such small harmonized and cohesive teams are capable of giving clear definitions of the expected goals and objectives, set a particular time frame within which to achieve the set goals and objectives and above all, carry out performance appraisal (Kirkman, Jones Shapiro, 2000 p.74). In addition, procedures and process within the different departments in an organisation will be improved considerably owing to the fact that there will be a high level of cooperation among workers. In a nutshell , effectiveness of each department in an organisation can only be improved through well defined and constructed groups coined from team building exercises. An organisation that intends to experience tremendous growth and development in this competitive world must build its foundation for success on the strategy of teamwork. It is the key to the development of the staff as well as the employees. Organizational objectives and performance results fully depend on the strength and effectiveness of the teamwork (McCabe,1990 p.209). Sequentially, it is through the same that low trust syndrome and the feeling of isolation at the place of work are overcome (Kohn, 1998, p. 30). Finally, team work enables the management of an organisation to identify, recruit and retain talent (McCabe,1990 p.209). Talent flow within an organisation and the way it is strategically hired, developed, nurtured and retained are all components of talent management. Although a business organisation or institution may opt to settle for trained professionals, the process of aligning the right personnel with jobs that suits them most demands more than just professionalism and training. Indeed, the availability of sufficient and most productive labour supply requires cross-section of talent management throughout an organisation as per the broad objectives of a business organisation. Such a process may be difficult to accomplish if the management of a company does not work with small harmonised groups. It is only through team work that managers can integrate and incorporate talent in human resource development. To sum up, managers play an important role in encouraging teamwork and organizing the context in which they work. Team work adds value to the performance of an organization. However, it is important to note that the system of rewarding and appraisals should be given due attention because it affects team working. Managers need to motivate their workers, empower and address issues affecting the m. Besides, teamwork should not be resisted by the employees or the manager because it increases the productivity of an organisation. Its strategic nature is exemplified in the relationship it has with performance. References Appelbaum, S. H., Serena, M., Shapiro, B. T. 2004. Generation X and the Boomers: Organizational Myths and Literary Realities. Management Research News. 27(11), 1-20. Beeson, J. 2011. Build a Strong Team. Leadership Excellence. 28 no.2 (june 1): 15-18.  https://www.proquest.com/ . Casse, P., Claudel, P. 2011. Leadership styles: a powerful model. Training  Journal. 46-51. Findlay, P. et al. 2000. In search of perfect people: Teamwork and team players in the Scottish spirits industry. Human Relations. 53(12), 1549-1574 Gupta, N. Shaw, Jason D. 1998. Let the evidence speak: Financial incentives are effective!! Compensation and Benefits Review. 30 (2), 26-32. Herzberg, F. 1987. One more time: how do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review. 87- 99. Kir kman, B. L., Jones, R.G. Shapiro, D.L. 2000. Why do employees resist teams? Examining the resistance barrier â€Å"to work team effective. The International Journal of Conflict Management. 11(1), 74–92. Kohn, A. 1998. Challenging behaviorist dogma: Myths about money and motivation Compensation and Benefits Review. 30(2), 27-33. McCabe, D. 1990. The team dream:the meaning and experience of teamworking for employees in an automobile manufacturing company. The meaning and  experience of teamworking for employees. 204-213. Paterson, J. 2010. Do teams work? Leadership for Student  Activities.39 no.4: 9-12.  https://www.proquest.com/ . Proctor, S. Currie, G. 2002.How team working works in the Inland Revenue: meaning, operation and impact. Personnel Review. 31 (3) 304-319. Wiley, C. 1997. What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys. International Journal of Manpower. 18(3), 263-280.

Election of 1912 (American History) Research Paper

Election of 1912 (American History) - Research Paper Example n be said to have led to â€Å"the birth of modern American politics† which espoused a pure democracy where the people would be the main decisive factor in decisions made by the Federal Government in social and economic matters. In matters of race relations though, the onus was placed upon local bodies to decide as they wished to. Theodore Roosevelt also championed â€Å"peoples aspiration for social justice† (Sidney M. Milkis, 2002) and for this he was willing to make extreme sacrifice and called upon all leaders to do so. A very important aspect of the election was the direct appeal made by individuals for the post of president. This was made explicit when Roosevelt came to the party convention without an official notification of his nomination, in a break from past traditions, when party nominees stayed away from proceedings, until notified of their candidacy. This was another attempt at doing away with institutions such as political parties, and instead handing over power to the people and creating the concept of direct contact between the leader and people. The greatest departure from tradition was Roosevelt’s proposal to allow public to recall judicial decisions, in the wake of the defense of property rights by a pugnacious judiciary. He called for a referendum on court rulings, both state and federal, handing over power to the people â€Å"to amend their fundamental law so as to adapt it progressively to the changing needs of the people.† (Sidney M. Milkis, 2002) In spite of the elections being a four sided race, the Progressive party led by Roosevelt, in spite of loss at the hustings, created the modern American elections as well as electorate. This is testimony to Roosevelt’s belief in a government where people call the shots although it may not have seemed so at the

Expanding a Multinational Company Research Paper - 1

Expanding a Multinational Company - Research Paper Example The revenue earned by the company in 2012 is $4.2 billion. After doing a market research on different countries the company decided to extend its operations to Singapore. Environmental Analysis An environmental scanning of the new market chosen for expansion of Network Manufacturing Company is being done using PESTEL analysis. PESTEL analysis helps to analyse the macro economic factors which are used in the environmental scanning (Lorat, 2009). Factors Analysis Political The political structure of Singapore is headed by the President at the top, who is the Head of the State. It is followed by the Prime Minister who is the Head of the Government and then the cabinet which consists of the executives who are also controlled by the President. The political structure of the country allows many foreigners to come and reside in Singapore and carry out their businesses without the fear of any political barrier. Thus the company will not face any threat from the political environment of Singa pore. Economic The Gross Domestic Product of the country in 2012 is $239.7 billion. The Gross National Income per capita is 59380 (in Euros) and the present inflation rate is 5.2 per cent (Singapore Economic Development Board, 2012). It is a well developed country and is highly successful for carrying out businesses. The country has an open business environment and is free from corruption. Therefore, the chosen company does not possess any threat from the economic scenario of the country and can carry out its business in the new market chosen freely and successfully. Social Singapore is a place of various cultures. The country possesses a strong social responsibility and allows different foreigners from all parts of the world with diversified cultures. The country is also known as a nation of many languages as the residents here speak in different languages. Thus the social environment of the country allows many outsiders to reside in the country and continue their business operatio ns. The chosen company is free from the barriers related to the social and cultural dimensions of the country. Technological The country is full of new technologies and allows many foreign investors as well as many foreign companies to continue their operations in the country under the controlled administration of the government. Environmental The environmental factors of the country support foreign investors as well as foreign businesses to start and continue their operations in the country. The country possesses a code of ethics for the businesses running there. It includes transparency; coordination among the managers, the directors and the investors and professionalism in the business. A business following these ethics will have no environmental barrier from this country. Legal The regulatory business of the country helps to encourage the businesses that are operating there. The regulatory framework of the country favours the businesses running there. The investments that are ma de by the foreign investors are supported by the law of Singapore. Entry strategy and Ownership Structure A company expanding into a new market involves a lot of risks. The company may possess several threats from the new market. Thus it is always beneficial for the company if it goes into a joint venture with an existing company in Singapore. It will reduce the

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Communication Strategies Essay You are working as a human service worker at a local United Way agency that serves several multicultural clients. In addition to the multicultural aspect, the agency also serves children, women, the elderly, and the homeless. Your manager has asked you to decide the best communication approach for each of these clients. Answer the following questions: What would you need to learn or know about each of your clients in order to communicate effectively with them? What strategies or techniques do you believe would be the best approach to take when communicating with each of these clients? How might you need to adapt your communication approach from one individual to the next? Working in the Human Services field can provide you with many different types of job opportunities each requiring their own specific needs to clients, many different types of clients that is. To communicate in an effective way with clients getting to know about them is a great start. Listen is top priority to understanding and getting to know your clients. Active listening describes the effort on the part of the listener. Active listening involves giving verbal feedback on the content of what was said, along with recognition of the feelings underneath. Qualities of a good listener include: being non-aggressive, being self-confident, having the ability to let things go along with the ability to work things out. Listening opens the door to meaning. When you hear the person, understand the situation and the feelings, then you are in a position to take constructive action or to reply to her or him in a way that makes sense. Helpful listening helps people look at their ideas, plans, hopes, concerns, fears, etc. It helps them gather information, solve their problems themselves and try out other alternatives. * Communication may seem easy, but to many peoples surprise it is something that has to be learned and practiced. Some of us have developed poor listening skills; we may be judgmental or dont allow others to speak. Some of us may use close-ended questions exclusively, and do not allow others to explore and contribute to  the discussion. A few strategies and or techniques that allow us to see a better approach to communicating can be using open-end questions such as Where would you like to begin? What options have you explored? Which concern would you like to talk about first? Can you tell me more about that? Open-ended questions encourage the exploration of thoughts and feelings by leaving individuals free to answer in any way they choose. On the flip side, closed sided questions s force a specific answer. They often present themselves as roadblocks to good communication. Sometimes you need specific information (i.e. what city do you live in?). Be sure the information you request is relevant to the persons situation. Use fact-finding, limited-response questions sparingly. A closed question allows for a limited response. Understanding that each client is different from each other, focusing on each client while actively listen, not judging and knowing that the client is there for help is a way to adapt your communication between clients and or patients.

Social Problems With America Essay -- essays research papers fc

Social Problems in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first major social problem facing America today is the crisis of births to unmarried woman. In â€Å"Straight Line to Calamity† George Will writes, â€Å"rising illegitimacy is a self-reinforcing trend because of the many mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The principal one is: People tend to parent as they were parented.†(228). During the 60’s and 70’s a lot of people were having unprotected sex. This age in time most people were not worried about getting pregnant so they didn’t wear a condom to stop the pregnancies. This led to many unwanted pregnancies at early ages for girls. They were bringing up children when they were barley coming out of their teens. As the children were growing up, as Will states, the children were following in the parent’s footsteps. Most young parents really do not understand how to raise a child properly, meaning that they would raise their children the 2 same way they were brought up in the 60’s and 70’s. Later in the essay Will states; â€Å"Two supposed signs of the â€Å"crisis† are America’s high rate of infant mortality and low rate of immunization of preschool children.†(228). Many of the children that were being born were either under weight or not strong enough to survive. The use of drugs during this time was heavy, and this resulted in many infant deaths. The large-scale deaths to infants were due to the large number of teenage pregnancies, many of which were â€Å"born dead†. It is hard for a doctor to save a child that weighs less than 2 pounds and cannot breath on its own. Due to the increasing number of teen pregnancies lead to a population growth in America. In â€Å"Divine Revolution† Vaclav Havel writes, â€Å"Humankind today is well aware of the spectrum of threats looming over its head. We know that the number of people living on our planet is growing at a soaring rate and that within a relatively short... ...ize and understand a problem facing you before you can take action against it. The three social problems facing America in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. Everyone has a responsibility as a citizen of America to do his duty to help our nation get better every day. By volunteering for special interest groups, not buying products that harm the world, and by being a little bit nicer to people the world be a little bit nicer. WORKS CITED 1. Havel, Vaclav. â€Å"The Divine Revolution† McGraw-Hill Reader. Gilbert H   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (337-341) 2. Machiavelli, Niccolo. â€Å"The Circle of Governments† McGraw-Hill Reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gilbert H. Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (230-233) 3. Muller, Gilbert H. Ed. The McGraw-Hill Reader   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boston. McGraw-Hill, 2000 4. Will, George. â€Å"Straight Line to Calamity† McGraw-Hill Reader. Gilbert H. Muller, Ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000 (227-229)

Financial Management Challenges Essay

Find at least two articles from the ProQuest database that highlight and discuss two of the biggest challenges facing financial managers today. One of the articles should be about the challenge of maintaining ethical financial integrity and the other article should be on any other challenge that a financial manager may face (e.g., competition, foreign markets, government intervention, etc.). Financial managers face countless challenges ethical and financial alike. These challenges can be known to affect the reputation of the firm, and the ethical approach taken can set a positive or negative moral standing for the firm. The challenges alone would be a tough job for any normal individual, but financial managers also must deal with the rising demands that have been placed on the institution that span over a much wider area and deal with a countless different activities. The first portion will be ethically concentrated and touch on integrity and market reporting. There are a lot of mediocre leaders out there; I know, they’ve been my bosses. However, when it comes to financial managers, mediocre just won’t do the job. But what’s the difference between a good leader and a mediocre one? Doing a job just to get paid and using the smallest amount of effort to do so is typically the mindset of a bad or mediocre leader. Knowing your job includes many tasks, one of which and most importantly is to lead others with good examples of ethical and financial responsibilities is an example of a great leader. The lack of leadership in every level of the organization can affect the whole ethical integrity of the financial manager. â€Å"This leads to the offering of bribes, inaccurate timesheets  reporting or the provision of misleading information,† (Hennessey, 2007). The ethical standing of the financial manager affects the overall provision of the quality skills in the analysis of the documentation. â€Å"The financial manage r not being proficient enough to trace the individuals, who are responsible for the financial records, could mean the loss of the management,† (Hickman and Byrd , 2011). Understandably, false reporting would be unethical and illegal actions for a financial manager to partake in. This will ruin the firm’s reputation and trust. Financial record reporting requires the overall upkeep of precise and complete records and can be a huge challenge. â€Å"The lack of evident or documented policies and actions in the maintenance of the financial records affects the overall ethical integrity of the financial manager, â€Å"( Hickman and Byrd, 2011). The financial manager must make evaluate each situation and be able to formulate policies that will help in the growth of the firm to a successful point and beyond. â€Å"The ill will of a financial manager not reporting the truth or the overall analysis of the firm makes his conduct un-ethical,† ( Chan, 2005). These unethical practices will eventually lead to the problems dealing with legal liabilities that happen due to the design of the financial systems. Each of which is backed by a set checks and balances that occur in the process of maintaining the financial documents. The absence of compliance to this unique design affects the overall running of the compan y’s activities. Faulty reporting will damage the company’s trust publicly and internally. Shareholders, employees and stakeholders alike would all be affected by unethical practices within a firm. Foreign markets, apart from financial integrity are another challenge. â€Å"The time period and ban on the entry of the foreign market affects the financial manager’s valuation or process of reporting,† (Hickman and Byrd, 2011). â€Å"The inconsistent regulations and strong rule of law in the foreign markets should be reported to the stakeholders,† (Chan, 2005). Financial managers are expected to report ethical issues that affect a firm’s market. â€Å"The challenge of cultural misunderstanding of the firm and the investment that the financial manager has presented to the market could lead to the abrupt decline of sales or ban of the institution. This ban will mean the loss of  all the funds that will have been invested,† (Hennessey, 2007). A poor estimation of the human resource funds and the business operational cost may lead to a decline in the profit of the firm. Once profit begins to decline, shareholders are more likely to push to replace a financial manager due to the performance of the firm’s management. In conclusion, financial integrity and foreign markets scenarios affect the overall activities of the financial managers. Unethical practices of financial managers affect almost every aspect of the firm. The lack of formation of a relationship with the players and customers in the foreign market will lead to the overall decline of the firm’s market share. â€Å"The financial managers should look at the provision of morally approved approaches in the activities of the firm,† (Chan, 2005). Reference Chan, R. (2005): Does the Natural-Resource-Based View of Emerging Economy? Survey of Foreign Enterprises in China: Journal of Management Studies, 42(3), 625-672 Hennessey, J. (2007). Communicating the Value of Energy Efficiency Projects to Financial Decision Makers In Not-for-profit Markets. Strategic Planning For Energy & the Environment, 26(4), 55-66, Retrieved from Pro-Quest Hickman, K. and Byrd, J. (2013): Essentials of finance: San Diego, CA: Bridge point Education Inc. Retrieved from Pro-Quest Norton, E. (1991). Factors affecting capital structure decisions. The Financial Review, 26(3), 431-431 Retrieved from Pro-Quest

Civil War and Reconstruction

The America we know today is a very different place than the America this country once knew during the Reconstruction period. In today’s society everybody has equal rights and opportunities to do as they please. People today have a right to do basically anything there heart desires, but years ago it was a different story. African Americans didn’t have many rights at all. The people and groups involved in Reconstruction had many different ideas for freedom and equality. In 1861 the Civil War broke out and became and on going battle for the next four years. At the end of the war 600,000 people were dead and four million slaves were freed. After the war Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction began. With this plan Lincoln’s main goal was to bring the North and South together and bring the South back into the Union. The Civil War ended in 1865 and that same year on April 15th Lincoln was assassinated. After Lincoln’s death the 13th amendment was ratified on December 6th 1865. This amendment abolished slavery in the United States, but at the same time it still didn’t make it easy for African Americans to succeed in America. This struggle for African Americans was told in an interview of Felix Haywood a former slave from San Antonio, Texas. The slaves at that time believed that when they became free that they would become wealthier than the white people and all their worries would disappear. â€Å"We thought we was going to be richer than the white folks, ‘cause we was stronger and knowed how to work, and the whites didn’t, and they didn’t have us to work with them anymore. But it didn’t turn out that way. We soon found out that freedom could make folks proud, but it didn’t make ‘em rich. 1 Another interview with Warren McKinney a former slave from Hazen, Arkansas McKinney explains how tough it was for his people to cope with freedom. â€Å"The government gave out rations there. My ma washed and ironed. People died in piles. I don’t know till yet what was the matter. They said it was the change of living. †2 African Americans were now free from slave ry, but in a sense it was even tougher for them to survive because they were on there own. They had no money for food or a house, no education, and there were many restrictions on what African Americans could do. Many White people during Reconstruction had intentions of controlling and restricting African Americans. In many southern states â€Å"black codes† were enforced. These codes did just that. The Louisiana black codes Section 8 â€Å"No freedman shall sell, barter, or exchange any articles of merchandise or traffic within the limits of Opelousas without special permission of his employer, in writing, and approved by the mayor or president of the board. †3 It was almost like Louisiana and several other southern states with black codes treated African American people like children. Another example of a black code, Section 3 â€Å"No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent or keep a house within the limits of the town under any circumstances, and any one thus offending shall be ejected and compelled to find an employer or leave the town within twenty four hours. †4 Anytime African Americans wanted to do something they always needed permission from the mayor or president of the board. The White people wanted to seclude them from white society, but at the same time still wanted to control there every move. Whether it was the location of where they wanted to buy a house, or the time and reason in which they were in the local town, there were always restrictions and severe punishments. After Lincoln’s assassination Andrew Johnson was appointed president. Johnson was a former democrat turned republican. He was born in the northern part of Tennessee. Growing up he was poor and didn’t get a great education so he could barley read or write. He was a racist tailor who hated rich people. While in office Johnson’s main intention was to keep black people oppressed. His Restoration plan pardons restored property, granted pardons to rich and confederate officials, gave no provisions or protections for freedmen, and the southern whites started voting again and gained control of local governments. Johnson would do anything to keep the blacks down, he vetoed the Civil Rights Act which gave African Americans citizenship and guarantee of equal rights. He then vetoed the Freemen’s Bureau which wanted to provide aid to African Americans who needed medicine, food, housing, and a right to an education. At this time the Radical Republicans had enough and in 1866 became the majority in Congress. The Congress eventually overrides Johnson’s vetos. The Radicals wanted equality for the black people and in 1867 Radical Reconstruction began. Congressman Thaddeus Stevens states â€Å"everyman, no matter what his race or color; every earthly being who has an immortal soul, has an equal right to justice, honesty, and fair play with every other man; and the law should secure him those rights. †1 Stevens is basically saying all men are created equally, but at the same time he also suggests that it is up to the white man to decide for himself whether or not to associate himself with African Americans and it isn’t in the hands of the law. After Steven’s doctrine in 1867 the Radicals had control of Congress and they were soon able to impeach President Johnson. Being that Johnson was impeached and the Radical Republicans were the majority in Congress it still didn’t seem like the future was any brighter for African Americans. Wide spread Anti-Black violence began. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan formed. They began lynching blacks, raping their women, burning down there schools and churches. Elias Hill, an African American man, recounts a nighttime visit from the Ku Klux Klan in 1871. â€Å"He had a horsewhip, and he told me to pull up my shirt, and he hit me. He told me at every lick, â€Å"Hold up your shirt. † I made a moan every time he cut with the horsewhip. I reckon he struck me eight cuts right on the hip bone. †1 For Elias the KKK was always a threat to him and his family, just as they were to all African Americans. The people and groups involved in Reconstruction had many different ideas for freedom and equality. There were presidents like Lincoln who wanted to help African Americans and on the other hand there was Johnson who wanted nothing more then to keep them as slaves and did everything in his power to keep it that way. Then there were political parties like the Radical Republicans who also wanted to see threw with slavery and lend aid to African Americans and then you had organizations like the KKK causing extreme violent acts towards African Americans. There is no question that the Reconstruction period was a chaotic time where people had to struggle with freedom and equality and today in the United States of America people might be free, but I still think that there are some forms of inequality.

The American Obesity Epidemic essays

The American Obesity Epidemic essays When talking about the word epidemic you always think of weird diseases, like the flu, SARS, and AIDS. Right now in America, there is an ongoing epidemic. It is caused not by viruses or bacteria, but by human nature. Its called obesity. There is no one way to solve this serious problem. We as a nation must work together to find ways to help cure this disease. Now I will talk about some of the things that I think we need to do about obesity in America. In Websters Handy College Dictionary, obesity is defined as being, very fat." That is simply what America is becoming. In fact, according to studies by the CDC, over 58 million American adults are overweight, with an additional 43 million classified as obese. This problem is not limited to grown-ups. Even us kids are getting fatter and fatter. Only 4 percent of children were overweight in 1982, while by 2001, that number had increased to an astonishing 25 percent for white youths, and 33 percent for blacks and Hispanics! This jump can be associated to two main factors: consuming too many calories, and a lack of exercise. As high-fructose corn syrups and other new sweeteners were introduced in the 1970s, there was an explosion of new varieties of snack foods and soft drinks, which also led to a great increase in consumption of junk food. This is very evident at school. For example, for lunch at Kennedy Middle School, some of our choices include pizza, burritos, and many different varieties of chips. There are almost no vegetable or fruit items available. Thats not all. We can also get soda and junk food at vending machines after school. While most of you in the audience, me included probably eat these foods, if their consumption is not regulated, young people will start to think that it is okay and even healthful to eat junk food in large amounts. Another kind of food that has been eaten more and more by Americans is fast food. That...

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart A discussion of Achebes portrayal of women in Igbo society.

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart A discussion of Achebes portrayal of women in Igbo society. Chinua Achebe's first novel Things Fall Apart is a story about an Igbo village in the late 1800's, and is one of its important men, Okonkwo. The story analyzes the destruction of African culture when the white man appeared. Achebe writes in a style that is interpretive instead of objective, and reflects the sociocultural organization existing in Africa during that era. Achebe highlights the roles of women in pre-colonial Africa. The female characters in the novel are major figures whose lives are not just affected by the desires of their husbands or fathers; the women reciprocally affect the husband and fathers lives. Igbo society emphasis is put on sex-roles, stereotyping, gender discrimination and the importance of masculinity and violence, which result in the abuse of the female's character.In Igbo society patriarchy rules in every aspect of existence, meaning women are excluded and men are superior. Women were seen as men's property and wives came in multiple numbers.English: Chi nua Achebe speaking at Asbury Hall, Bu...Women were bought and sold into marriage and once she became a man's property she became a little more than an object. The first wife of a man was paid more respect than others illustrated by the palm wine ceremony. Anasi, Nwakibie's [a big man in Umofia] first wife had not arrived and "the others could not drink before her" (14).Women were among one of the highest distinctions for a young man along with yam barns and social titles. Okoye, a friend of Okonkwo's father, qualified for these high distinctions because "he had a large barn full of yams and he had three wives. And now he was going to take the Idemili title, the third highest in the land." (5).The yam symbolizes richness and is a sign of a great man. The women of Igbo provided the workforce...

Should Internet Purchases be taxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should Internet Purchases be taxed - Essay Example Projected estimates of lost revenue due to decrease in sales taxes collection, go as high as $55 billion by 2011. Interestingly now many of the retailers are providing option of "in store" pickup after ordering online, which ironically enforces sales tax collection as sales tax is compulsory on store pickup. (Leonard). State and local governments are worried that lost revenue may decrease their ability to provide civic services at expected levels since expected revenue from store front retail sales are being increasingly cannibalized by online retail (Yegyazarian, Anush 54). If increasingly larger amounts are siphoned off then to make up for loss either newer stream of income has to be realized (by increasing taxes) or by cutting spending (thisnation, Dec 2006). Many retailers go to great lengths to avoid physical presence in high sales tax states, because they can use a lacuna in the "laws" and save significantly on paying the sales taxes. Economist Goolsbee argues that imposing taxes on cybershopping may "could cause online sales to drop Shopping days without the avoidance of sales tax may be transient.

Assisted suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Assisted suicide - Research Paper Example In physician-assisted suicide, the physician prescribes the lethal dose, knowing the patient intends to end their life. The argument in favor of euthanasia usually justifies itself by citing compassion for the pain and suffering of terminally ill or respect for â€Å"patient autonomy.† (Hendin, 2004). The online Medical Dictionary defines â€Å"patient autonomy† as: â€Å"Patient Autonomy: The right of patients to make decisions about their medical care without their health care provider trying to influence the decision. Patient autonomy does allow for health care providers to educate the patient but does not allow the health care provider to make the decision for the patient.† These two bases are often made ineffective. The physician may have the best intentions in their heart for the patient and yet harm the patient unknowingly. And on the other side, patient autonomy is useless if the patients are not made aware of the options available to them by a physician who is trained to do so. Although it might be true that the concerned physician is indeed compassionate to his or her patient’s needs, it is also possible that the physician does not know best. It has often been seen that due to lack of experience or skill, the physician has misdiagnosed the patient’s illness and perhaps sent someone who could have been cured to his or her death. This argument is meant to be an assertion of the patient’s right to choose death over life. But can any member of society, one who is inextricably connected to other members of the society, really be allowed to exercise their freedom of choice in any manner they choose? If that was true, it would be completely acceptable for us to say, murder our neighbor just because we chose to. In its favor, Peter Rogatz in â€Å"The Positive Virtues of Physician-Assisted Suicide† states that human dignity is often at stake for patients. Even if they are not terminally ill or are not suffering from

Comparison of Paradise lost and Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison of Paradise lost and Inferno - Essay Example Both the writings portray Satan as an angel of God who turned astray and denounced the superiority of God. The devil assumed that he was equal in status of God and yearned to be greater than him. For this insolence, he was banished to have hell as his eternal abode. Milton’s description of Satan is quite interesting. According to Milton, Hell was Satan’s land where he ruled over the sinners. He had chosen to stay in the hell because according to him it was better to rule in hell than to serve in heaven. (Peter) In ‘Inferno’, Dante has portrayed devil as a ferocious being, whose sight instills fear in the hearts of the beholders. Satan has been given the opposite of what he has yearned, he desired for supremacy and sovereignty and even though he appears to be powerful and huge, he is small and helpless and his fate has been sealed to remain frozen in ice till eternity. Hell in Dante’s view was an endless torment to the sinners who were destined to ent er it. The hell is a place where there is no connection with the warmth of life and bitter frost and isolation is the only destiny. Even the Satan, the most foreboding prisoner of the hell had the bitterest fate. Milton presents a similar picture of the hell. According to him, even though hell was full of flames and fire, there was only darkness and hopelessness prevalent in its atmosphere. (Alighieri) Inferno and ‘Paradise lost’ provide captivating and detailed yet different views of Satan and hell and this difference is clearly evident in their writings.

Healthcare Analysis Essay Example for Free

Healthcare Analysis Essay 1. Differentiate among the terms strategic management,strategic thinking, strategic planning, and managing strategic momentum. Which of these activities is most important in a healthcare organization and why? ANS: Strategic management consists of the analysis, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain competitive advantages. strategic management is concerned with the analysis of strategic goals (vision, mission, and strategic objectives) along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization. Next, leaders must make strategic decisions. These decisions, broadly speaking, address two basic questions: What industries should we compete in?How should we compete in those industries? These questions also often involve an organization’s domestic as well as its international operations. And last are the actions that must be taken. Decisions are of little use, of course, unless they are acted on. Firms must take the necessary actions to implement their strategies. This requires leaders to allocate the necessary resources. Strategic thinking is considered a key thought process of strategic management framework; is defined as the generation and application of unique business insights and opportunities, to create competitive advantage for a firm or organisation. It can be done individually, as well as collaboratively among key people who can positively alter an organisations future. Group strategic thinking create more value by enabling a proactive and creative dialogue, where we gain other peoples perspectives on critical and complex issues which is an important benefit in todays highly competitive and fast-changing business landscape. Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. In order to determine the direction of the organization, it is necessary to understand its current position and the possible avenues through which it can pursue a particular course of action. Generally, strategic planning deals with several key questions like 1 What do we do? 2 For whom do we do it? 3 How do we excel? Strategic momentum is the tendency to maintain or expand the emphasis and direction of prior strategic actions in current strategic behaviour. The most important role as leader of an organization is strategy. The best way to sustain the momentum is by following the guidelines of the Essentials for Successfully Implementing the Strategic Plan and to continue to deploy the small group of people who share the vision and are engaged in helping you implement it. According to me strategic management is the most important activity in a healthcare organization, because a well-formulated strategy can bring various benefits to the organization in present as well as in future. 1 Strategic management takes into account the future and anticipates for it. 2 A strategy is made on rational and logical manner, thus its efficiency and its success are ensured. 3 Strategic management reduces frustration because it has been planned in such a way that it follows a procedure. 4 It brings growth in the organization because it seeks opportunities. 5 With strategic management organizations can avoid helter skelter and they can work directionally. 6 Strategic management also adds to the reputation of the organization because of consistency that results from organizations success. 7 Often organizations draw to a close because of lack of proper strategy to run it. With strategic management organizations can foresee the events in future and that’s why they can remain stable in the market. 8 Strategic management looks at the threats present in the external environment and thus organizations can either work to get rid of them or else neutralizes the threats in such a way that they become an opportunity for their success. 9 Strategic management focuses on proactive approach which enables organization to grasp every opportunity that is available in the market .2. List, describe, differentiate, and provide examples of the different levels of strategic management. ANS: 1 Corporate level 2 Divisional level 3 Organizational level 4 Unit level Corporate level strategies addresses questions like,†what business should we be in.?† For example if we take Trinity, what business should we do..? Health care, including hospitals, long term care units, hospices etc. The other question would be what other options should Trinity consider like mental health centers. Divisional level strategies are more focused and provide direction for a single business type. For Example Trinity Health, strategies must be developed for separately for hospital division, out patient units, hospice care etc.. how many hospitals are optional .. or what markets are available for new chain of hospitals. Organizational level Strategies includes strategies made at an individual organizational level like each hospital in Trinity’s hospital division may develop their own strategies depending upon the present market conditions. Unit level Strategies support organizational strategies through accomplishing various objectives. Unit operational strategies may be developed within departments of an organizations like a hospital with different units, example Medicine department, Surgery unit or paediatric unit etc